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Quantum Information Processing

Quantum key distribution via tripartite coherent states

Abderrahim El Allati, M. El Baz, Y. Hassouni

Published Dec 15, 2010• 55 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-010-0213-y

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Communications in Theoretical Physics•Mar 1, 2007•6 citations
Abstract Multipartite quantum key distribution (QKD) is crucial for quantum communicating and may link massive private information to the complex quantum network protocols. In this paper, we tackle one of the difficulties in multipartite quantum communications by designing a quantum key distribution scheme with improved secret key rates. We suggest an entanglement-based tripartite continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) scheme for quantum network, where the source in the middle generates tripartite state and distributes the modes of the state to legitimate parties, respectively. We analyze the mutual information among the distributed modes of the tripartite state of protocols involving different attack strategies of the eavesdropper in varied circumstances. Numeric simulation results show that the CVQKD system enables the generations of secret keys against optimal coherent attacks.
The fully symmetric Gaussian tripartite entangled pure states will not exhibit two-mode Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering. This means that any two participants cannot share quantum secrets using the security of one-sided device independent quantum key distribution (1SDI-QKD) without involving the third. They are restricted at most to standard quantum key distribution, which is less secure. Here we demonstrate an asymmetric tripartite system that can exhibit bipartite EPR steering, so that two of the participants can use 1SDI-QKD without involving the other. This is possible because the promiscuity relations of continuous-variable tripartite entanglement are different from those of discrete-variable systems. We analyze these properties for two different systems, showing that the asymmetric system exhibits practical properties not found in the symmetric one.
An unsymmetrical quantum key distribution protocol is proposed, in which Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) triplet states are used to obtain the secret key. Except the lost qubits due to the unperfectness of the physical devices, the unsymmetrical characteristic makes all transmitted qubits useful. This leads to an excellent efficiency, which reaches 100% in an ideal case. The security is studied from the aspect of information theory. By using the correlation of the GHZ tripartite entanglement state, eavesdropping can be easily checked out, which indicates that the presented protocol is more secure.