The time-convolution as well as the time-convolutionless generalized master equations (GME) are rewritten in a simple form permitting an exact formal solution. Using this form, it is argued that possible approximations must be performed consistently on both sides of the GME in order to control deviations of the emerging approximate solution from the exact one. Arguments are given that after such consistent approximations, the initial-condition term can no longer in general be taken as proportional to (scrI- ${\mathit{scrD}}_{0}$ )\ensuremath{\Vert}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{0}$) (with ${\mathit{scrD}}_{0}$ being the projector used in GME). These conclusions are illustrated for the asymptotic-time symmetry-breaking problem of the spin-boson model. Although standard approximate GME approaches do indicate a possible symmetry breaking, we argue that these results are strongly influenced by the inconsistency of the approximations used. To support this statement we prove the absence of any asymptotic-time symmetry breaking in the zero-bias spin-boson model with a partial site-occupation relaxation.The time-convolution as well as the time-convolutionless generalized master equations (GME) are rewritten in a simple form permitting an exact formal solution. Using this form, it is argued that possible approximations must be performed consistently on both sides of the GME in order to control deviations of the emerging approximate solution from the exact one. Arguments are given that after such consistent approximations, the initial-condition term can no longer in general be taken as proportional to (scrI-${\mathit{scrD}}_{0}$)\ensuremath{\Vert}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{0}$) (with ${\mathit{scrD}}_{0}$ being the projector used in GME). These conclusions are illustrated for the asymptotic-time symmetry-breaking problem of the spin-boson model. Although standard approximate GME approaches do indicate a possible symmetry breaking, we argue that these results are strongly influenced by the inconsistency of the approximations used. To support this statement we prove the absence of any asymptotic-time symmetry breaking in the zero-bias spin-boson model with a partial site-occupation relaxation.

Physical Review AMar 1, 19917 citations

Many-body Majorana-like zero modes without gauge symmetry breaking

V Vadimov (11533948), T Hyart (11533951), JL Lado (11533954) +2 more

Topological superconductors represent one of the key hosts of Majorana-based topological quantum computing. Typical scenarios for one-dimensional (1D) topological superconductivity assume a broken gauge symmetry associated to a superconducting state. However, no interacting 1D many-body system is known to spontaneously break gauge symmetries. Here, we show that zero modes emerge in a many-body system without gauge symmetry breaking and in the absence of superconducting order. In particular, we demonstrate that Majorana zero modes of the symmetry-broken superconducting state are continuously connected to these zero-mode excitations, demonstrating that zero-bias anomalies may emerge in the absence of gauge symmetry breaking. We demonstrate that these many-body zero modes share the robustness features of the Majorana zero modes of symmetry-broken topological superconductors. We further show that the interface between the interacting model and a 1D topological superconductor does not support Majorana modes. We introduce a bosonization formalism to analyze these excitations and show that a ground state analogous to a topological superconducting state can be analytically found in a certain limit. Our results demonstrate that robust Majorana-like zero modes may appear in a many-body system without gauge symmetry breaking, thus introducing a family of protected excitations with no single-particle analogs.Topological superconductors represent one of the key hosts of Majorana-based topological quantum computing. Typical scenarios for one-dimensional (1D) topological superconductivity assume a broken gauge symmetry associated to a superconducting state. However, no interacting 1D many-body system is known to spontaneously break gauge symmetries. Here, we show that zero modes emerge in a many-body system without gauge symmetry breaking and in the absence of superconducting order. In particular, we demonstrate that Majorana zero modes of the symmetry-broken superconducting state are continuously connected to these zero-mode excitations, demonstrating that zero-bias anomalies may emerge in the absence of gauge symmetry breaking. We demonstrate that these many-body zero modes share the robustness features of the Majorana zero modes of symmetry-broken topological superconductors. We further show that the interface between the interacting model and a 1D topological superconductor does not support Majorana modes. We introduce a bosonization formalism to analyze these excitations and show that a ground state analogous to a topological superconducting state can be analytically found in a certain limit. Our results demonstrate that robust Majorana-like zero modes may appear in a many-body system without gauge symmetry breaking, thus introducing a family of protected excitations with no single-particle analogs.

Apr 1, 20214 citations

Asymptotics in Spin-Boson Type Models

Thomas Norman Dam, Jacob Schach Møller

arXiv:1808.00085Communications in Mathematical PhysicsFeb 5, 202011 citations

On Asymptotic Expansions in Spin–Boson Models

Gerhard Bräunlich, David Hasler, Markus Lange

arXiv:1608.06270Annales Henri PoincaréDec 19, 20177 citations

{\mathit{scrD}}_{0}

)\ensuremath{\Vert}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{0}$) (with

{\mathit{scrD}}_{0}

being the projector used in GME). These conclusions are illustrated for the asymptotic-time symmetry-breaking problem of the spin-boson model. Although standard approximate GME approaches do indicate a possible symmetry breaking, we argue that these results are strongly influenced by the inconsistency of the approximations used. To support this statement we prove the absence of any asymptotic-time symmetry breaking in the zero-bias spin-boson model with a partial site-occupation relaxation.