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IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)

Enhancing secrecy in fading wiretap channels with only transmitter-side channel state information

Pang-Chang Lan, Y.-W. Peter Hong, C.‐C. Jay Kuo

Published Dec 1, 2014• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work examines the advantages of having only channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT), and not at the receiver and the eavesdropper, when achieving secrecy in fading wiretap channels. The key idea is that, with only CSIT, the transmitter can pre-compensate for the amplitude and phase distortions on the main channel. This allows the receiver to decode coherently even without knowledge of the CSI, while leaving the eavesdropper confused by the unknown variations of its own channel. When the channel is reciprocal, this CSI assumption can be achieved in practice through reverse training, i.e., by having the receiver emit the training signal so that the transmitter can estimate the channel by itself. Two secrecy-enhancing transmission schemes are proposed to exploit the CSIT. The truncated channel inversion scheme is used when the receiver and the eavesdropper have no CSI available, and the truncated phase compensation scheme is adopted when they can practically measure the SNR. The achievable secrecy rates of these schemes are derived for both single-antenna and multi-antenna wireless fading scenarios. Numerical results show significant improvements in secrecy rate compared to the case with full CSI at all terminals.

DOI
10.1109/glocomw.2014.7063615

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IEEE Transactions on Information Theory•Jan 24, 2014•42 citations
This work examines the advantages of having only channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT), and not at the receiver and the eavesdropper, when achieving secrecy in fading wiretap channels. The key idea is that, with only CSIT, the transmitter can pre-compensate for the amplitude and phase distortions on the main channel. This allows the receiver to decode coherently even without knowledge of the CSI, while leaving the eavesdropper confused by the unknown variations of its own channel. When the channel is reciprocal, this CSI assumption can be achieved in practice through reverse training, i.e., by having the receiver emit the training signal so that the transmitter can estimate the channel by itself. Two secrecy-enhancing transmission schemes are proposed to exploit the CSIT. The truncated channel inversion scheme is used when the receiver and the eavesdropper have no CSI available, and the truncated phase compensation scheme is adopted when they can practically measure the SNR. The achievable secrecy rates of these schemes are derived for both single-antenna and multi-antenna wireless fading scenarios. Numerical results show significant improvements in secrecy rate compared to the case with full CSI at all terminals.
This paper proposes secrecy-enhancing signaling schemes to exploit the advantages of having only channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, but no (or limited) CSI at the receiver and the eavesdropper in fast-fading wiretap channels and also in wiretap channels with Gaussian interference. With only CSI at the transmitter, the transmit signaling can be designed to precompensate for the distortion or the interference on the main channel to facilitate decoding at the receiver while leaving the eavesdropper confused by the uncertainties of its own channel. In fading wiretap channels, truncated channel-inversion and phase-compensation schemes are proposed to achieve this task. Here, truncation is used so that transmission occurs only when the main channel is sufficiently reliable. In wiretap channels with Gaussian interference, a truncated interference-nulling scheme is proposed to enable interference precancellation at the transmitter. The proposed signaling schemes exploit the advantages of having only CSI at the transmitter without employing more complex encoding schemes. The achievable secrecy rates are derived using Gaussian input, and approximate expressions are proposed for the optimization of system parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed transmission schemes and the advantages of having only CSI at the transmitter are demonstrated through numerical simulations.
In this paper, we consider the secure transmission in ergodic fast fading multiple-input single-output single-antenna-eavesdropper (MISOSE) wiretap channels with only the statistics of eavesdropper's channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). Two kinds of the legitimate CSIT are assumed, that is, full and statistical legitimate CSIT. With full legitimate CSIT, we generalize and optimize the previously proposed artificial noise (AN) aided secure beamforming to improve its secrecy rate performance. The AN covariance matrix in our scheme is more flexible than previous scheme and the region of non-zero secrecy rate is enlarged significantly according to our simulations. For the case with statistical legitimate CSIT, we further prove that the secure beamforming is secrecy capacity achieving for the Rayleigh faded channels. In this case, the AN is not necessary. Extensions to cases where legitimate receiver and eavesdropper have multiple antennas will also be discussed.
This work proposes the use of a unitary modulation scheme to enhance physical layer secrecy in multi-antenna wireless systems. The proposed scheme takes advantage of having only channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) but not at the receiver and the eavesdropper. With CSIT, the transmitter can first take the LQ or singular value decomposition of the channel matrix and then replace its unitary component by an information-bearing unitary matrix symbol. When the SNR is sufficiently high, the legitimate receiver is able to extract the unitary matrix by exploiting the uniqueness of the matrix decomposition. But the eavesdropper is incapable of doing so due to the ambiguity caused by the unknown unitary rotation on its channel, which ensures zero information leakage to the eavesdropper when the channels are independent. A detection scheme based on the chordal distance is proposed, and the achievable secrecy rate is derived and shown to depend only on the mutual information of the main channel. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and secrecy advantages of our proposed unitary modulation scheme.
We consider the secure transmission of information over an ergodic fading channel in the presence of an eavesdropper. Our eavesdropper can be viewed as the wireless counterpart of Wyner's wiretapper. The secrecy capacity of such a system is characterized under the assumption of asymptotically long coherence intervals. We first consider the full channel state information (CSI) case, where the transmitter has access to the channel gains of the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper. The secrecy capacity under this full CSI assumption serves as an upper bound for the secrecy capacity when only the CSI of the legitimate receiver is known at the transmitter, which is characterized next. In each scenario, the perfect secrecy capacity is obtained along with the optimal power and rate allocation strategies. We then propose a low-complexity on/off power allocation strategy that achieves near-optimal performance with only the main channel CSI. More specifically, this scheme is shown to be asymptotically optimal as the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) goes to infinity, and interestingly, is shown to attain the secrecy capacity under the full CSI assumption. Overall, channel fading has a positive impact on the secrecy capacity and rate adaptation, based on the main channel CSI, is critical in facilitating secure communications over slow fading channels.
We consider two fundamental multi-user channel models: the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channel with one helper (WTH) and the MIMO multiple access wiretap (MAC-WT) channel. In each case, the eavesdropper has K antennas while the remaining terminals have N antennas each. We consider a fast fading channel where the channel state information (CSI) of the legitimate receiver is available at the transmitters but no CSI at the transmitters (CSIT) is available for the eavesdropper's channel. We determine the optimal sum secure degrees of freedom (s.d.o.f.) for each channel model for the regime K ≤ N, and show that in this regime, the MAC-WT channel reduces to the WTH in the absence of eavesdropper CSIT. For the regime N ≤ K ≤ 2N, we obtain the optimal linear s.d.o.f., and show that the MAC-WT channel and the WTH have the same optimal s.d.o.f. when restricted to linear encoding strategies. In the absence of any such restrictions, we provide an upper bound for the sum s.d.o.f. of the MAC-WT channel in the regime N ≤ K ≤ 2N. Our results show that unlike in the single-input single-output case, there is loss of s.d.o.f. for even the WTH due to lack of eavesdropper CSIT when K ≥ N.
A (layered) broadcast approach is studied for the fading wiretap channel without the channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. Two broadcast schemes, based on superposition coding and embedded coding, respectively, are developed to encode information into a number of layers and use stochastic encoding to keep the corresponding information secret from an eavesdropper. The layers that can be successfully and securely transmitted are determined by the channel states to the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper. The advantage of these broadcast approaches is that the transmitter does not need to know the CSI to the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper, but the scheme still adapts to the channel states of the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper. Three scenarios of block fading wiretap channels with stringent delay constraints are studied, in which either the legitimate receiver's channel, the eavesdropper's channel, or both channels are fading. For each scenario, the secrecy rate that can be achieved via the broadcast approach developed in this paper is derived, and the optimal power allocation over the layers (or the conditions on the optimal power allocation) is also characterized. A notion of probabilistic secrecy, which characterizes the probability that a certain secrecy rate of decoded messages is achieved during one block, is also introduced and studied for scenarios when the eavesdropper's channel is fading. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the impact of the CSI at the transmitter and the channel fluctuations of the eavesdropper on the average secrecy rate. These examples also demonstrate the advantage of the proposed broadcast approach over the compound channel approach.