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Physical Review A

Saturation effects in three-level selective reflection

F. Schuller, Anne Amy‐Klein, Solomon M. Saltiel

Published May 1, 1996• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider nonlinear selective reflection on the interface between dielectric media and dilute vapors of three-level atoms. Assuming a pump-probe scheme with cascade-type excitation, we study the modification \ensuremath{\Delta}R of the reflection coefficient of the probe induced by the presence of the pump. We extend previous calculations of the frequency spectrum of \ensuremath{\Delta}R made for low probe power to the case of arbitrary probe power. One then obtains a strong resonance which has already been observed experimentally. Moreover, for the two-photon resonance present in the low-intensity spectrum, a power splitting can be predicted with increasing intensity \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.53.3647

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We consider nonlinear selective reflection on the interface between dielectric media and dilute vapors of three-level atoms. Assuming a pump-probe scheme with cascade-type excitation, we study the modification \ensuremath{\Delta}R of the reflection coefficient of the probe induced by the presence of the pump. We extend previous calculations of the frequency spectrum of \ensuremath{\Delta}R made for low probe power to the case of arbitrary probe power. One then obtains a strong resonance which has already been observed experimentally. Moreover, for the two-photon resonance present in the low-intensity spectrum, a power splitting can be predicted with increasing intensity \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
We study the cascade three-level selective-reflection spectroscopy for normal incidence at a dielectric--atomic-vapor interface in a pump-probe scheme. Taking into account the effects of spatial dispersion arising from deexcitation by collisions with the interface and the transient response of atoms leaving the surface, we evaluate the modification of the probe-field reflection induced by the presence of the pump field in terms of a nonlocal nonlinear susceptibility. The dependence of this susceptibility on the probe frequency for various given pump frequencies is calculated. Sub-Doppler structures in the selective reflection spectrum are obtained and analyzed. Potential applications to the study of the interaction of highly excited atomic states with the surface are indicated.
We present an experimental study of nonlinear selective reflection at a dielectric--Cs-vapor interface, in a three-level cascade-up scheme. The nonlinear reflection at the Cs D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ resonance line is monitored in the presence of resonant irradiation at 621 nm or 658 nm (6P3/2{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}P3/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}8D5/2{\mathit{D}}_{5/2}D5/2​,9S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​). Experimental reflection spectra with either counterpropagating or copropagating light beams are analyzed and compared with the theoretical predictions of F. Schuller et al. [Phys. Rev. A 47, 519 (1993)]. For a blue-detuned pump and copropagating geometry an alternative type of three-level coherent reflection resonances, specifically associated with desorbing atoms, is observed. Also observed is the nonlinear reflection associated with the off-resonant, two-photon dispersion of atoms moving parallel to the window surface. Probe beam saturation is responsible for the appearance of additional resonant features in reflection spectra. Finally we analyze crossover spectral resonances which arise from nondegenerate, four-wave-mixing processes induced by the combined influence of counterpropagating pump and probe beams, and the pump beam being partially reflected by the window.
The conditions of observation of direct two-photon-induced dispersion in three-level reflection spectroscopy at a vapor-dielectric interface are discussed. One shows how pump frequency modulation allows one to discriminate the two-photon singular contribution associated with atoms moving quasiparallel to the dielectric interface, and therefore single out off-resonant Doppler-free two-photon dispersion in selective reflection. A nonperturbative theoretical approach to two-photon reflection is shown to predict a dynamic Stark shift of the two-photon resonance, which has been experimentally observed on the 6S-6P-8S transition of cesium. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The conditions of observation of direct two-photon-induced dispersion in three-level reflection spectroscopy at a vapor-dielectric interface are discussed. One shows how pump frequency modulation allows one to discriminate the two-photon singular contribution associated with atoms moving quasiparallel to the dielectric interface, and therefore single out off-resonant Doppler-free two-photon dispersion in selective reflection. A nonperturbative theoretical approach to two-photon reflection is shown to predict a dynamic Stark shift of the two-photon resonance, which has been experimentally observed on the 6S-6P-8S transition of cesium. @S1050-2947~96!06009-X#
A nonlinear selective reflection from the boundary between a transparent dielectric and dense Rb vapor has been investigated, where the dipole broadening of the 5 S 1/2 –5 P 3/2 working transition is significantly larger than the contribution of the Doppler width. A tunable probe laser and a pump laser with a fixed frequency have been used in the experiment. At a high intensity of pump radiation, a dip has appeared in the reflection spectrum, which splits the spectrum into two symmetric resonances. The splitting value is twice the Rabi frequency. The observation of a narrow structure corresponding to the dressed atomic states opens up additional possibilities for the study of many-particle interactions.
We present an experimental study of non-linear selective reflection at a dielectric/Cs vapour interface, in a three-level cascade-up scheme. The non-linear reflection at the D 2 resonance line is monitored in the presence of a resonant irradiation at 621 nm or 658 nm (6 P 3/2 → 8 D 5/2 , 9 S 1/2 ). A novel type of two-photon-induced reflection resonances specifically connected with atoms desorbing from the surface is observed. We demonstrate that these resonances allow one to monitor the atomic-velocity distribution at vapour-solid interfaces.