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Physical Review A

Asymmetric optical pulse propagation through a resonant absorber

Aminul I. Talukder, Makoto Tomita

Published Nov 8, 2005• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally measure the propagation delays for chirped optical pulses with asymmetric temporal envelope functions, through a resonantly absorbing dye solution. The transmitted pulses suffer a strong deformation and the arrival times are dramatically modified by the interaction between the chirp and the absorption effect of the sample. It is shown that the arrival time, represented by the centroid of energy of the transmitted pulse, can be well described by the reshaping delay and has a greater significance than the peak of the pulse.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.72.051802

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We experimentally measure the propagation delays for chirped optical pulses with asymmetric temporal envelope functions, through a resonantly absorbing dye solution. The transmitted pulses suffer a strong deformation and the arrival times are dramatically modified by the interaction between the chirp and the absorption effect of the sample. It is shown that the arrival time, represented by the centroid of energy of the transmitted pulse, can be well described by the reshaping delay and has a greater significance than the peak of the pulse.
We experimentally demonstrate the direct measurement of net group and reshaping delays for arbitrary optical pulses in dispersive media, verifying the earlier prediction of Peatross et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2370 (2000)]. Incoherent pulse propagation in an absorptionless system is well described by net group delay; even the medium causes a great deal of deformation in the transmitted pulse. However, in the case of phase modulated chirping pulses in a resonant absorber, the so-called superluminal or subluminal propagation velocity is strongly influenced by the reshaping delay.
Changes in the modulus and phase of a slowly varying envelope of an ultrashort pulse are calculated for the case of propagation across a saturable absorber. Vibronic relaxation of the optical transition in the absorber is allowed for. A study is made of the dependences of the duration of a pulse transmitted by a nonlinear absorber on the vibrational relaxation time of dye molecules and on the detuning of the carrier frequency of a pulse relative to the maximum of the equilibrium absorption spectrum. It is shown that a chirp appears even in the absence of such detuning provided the energy of lf quanta of optically active vibrations is comparable with the thermal excitation energy. This chirp originates from partial completion of the vibrational relaxation process during a pulse, so that absorption and refraction occur in a system which is not in a vibrational equilibrium.
Propagation of optical pulses in a resonantly absorbing medium is studied. Propagation time of nanosecond pulses was measured for the Rb D1{D}_{1}D1​ transition. At the center of two absorption lines, delay of the pulse peak which is about ten times as large as the pulse width was observed, where zero delay is defined for the propagation with the light velocity in vacuum. On the other hand, at the peak of an absorption line, negative delay was observed for large absorption, where the advance time is as large as 25% of the pulse width. Simulation including the effect of absorption and phase shift reproduced well the experimental results.
We have examined the propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in an absorbing dye solution through a short to a long range of propagation distance. The transmitted pulses show strong spectral shift and a superluminal to subluminal transition in the propagation velocity keeping its initial shape almost intact. It is verified that the peak velocity is well described by a modified group velocity v(S) defined within the framework of the saddle-point method as well as by a recent prediction of the net group delay of surviving frequency.