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Physica Scripta

The exact quantum solution ofN-radiators in cooperative interaction with a cavity field

N. A. Enaki, Tudor Roşca

Published Feb 1, 2012• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An exact analytical approach to study the time evolution of the interaction between a system of N two-level atoms with a single-mode cavity field is proposed. Supposing that at the initial moment the system of radiators is prepared in a superposition of states, the wave functions of the atom–field interaction for three and four atoms are presented exactly. In the case of an odd number of atoms in the cavity, the quantum Rabi frequencies have non-zero values; otherwise one zero value of the quantum Rabi frequency is characteristic of the even number of atoms. It was shown that with an increase of the odd number of atoms the non-zero quantum Rabi frequencies in the system increase too. It was established that a single atom has one quantum Rabi frequency, three atoms have two frequencies and five atoms have three. For the even number of atoms, a zero value of eigenstates of radiators in the interaction with a single cavity mode is observed. In this case the number of collective levels in the system is odd and the trapping states of atoms in the cavity are possible. From analytical solutions it follows that it is possible to realize the micro-maser regimes for three atoms choosing the flying time for which the radiators pass totally in the ground state. The dependence of the flying time on the number of atoms is established as well as the cavity state for which the atomic ensemble comes back to its initial state. The behavior of quantum fluctuations of photon numbers and atomic inversion during collective absorption and radiation is exactly analytically and numerically studied. The exact quantum solutions for these qubits, formed from two-level atoms, can be used in quantum processing of information encapsuled in the initial states of the atomic ensemble and the cavity field.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/2012/t147/014011

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Physica Scripta•Feb 13, 2020•3 citations
An exact analytical approach to study the time evolution of the interaction between a system of N two-level atoms with a single-mode cavity field is proposed. Supposing that at the initial moment the system of radiators is prepared in a superposition of states, the wave functions of the atom–field interaction for three and four atoms are presented exactly. In the case of an odd number of atoms in the cavity, the quantum Rabi frequencies have non-zero values; otherwise one zero value of the quantum Rabi frequency is characteristic of the even number of atoms. It was shown that with an increase of the odd number of atoms the non-zero quantum Rabi frequencies in the system increase too. It was established that a single atom has one quantum Rabi frequency, three atoms have two frequencies and five atoms have three. For the even number of atoms, a zero value of eigenstates of radiators in the interaction with a single cavity mode is observed. In this case the number of collective levels in the system is odd and the trapping states of atoms in the cavity are possible. From analytical solutions it follows that it is possible to realize the micro-maser regimes for three atoms choosing the flying time for which the radiators pass totally in the ground state. The dependence of the flying time on the number of atoms is established as well as the cavity state for which the atomic ensemble comes back to its initial state. The behavior of quantum fluctuations of photon numbers and atomic inversion during collective absorption and radiation is exactly analytically and numerically studied. The exact quantum solutions for these qubits, formed from two-level atoms, can be used in quantum processing of information encapsuled in the initial states of the atomic ensemble and the cavity field.
An exact analytical approach for studying the time evolution of equidistant system of radiators prepared in a superposition of states in interaction with single cavity mode it is proposed. This method gives us the possibility to find the analytical representation of wave function for a large system of atoms. Exact solution for interaction of four radiators with quantum cavity field is presented. The representation of cavity field is studied as function of the number of atoms in the system. For odd numbers of radiators was established the following role: one atom have one quantum Rabi frequency, three atoms have two frequencies; fife atoms- thee nonzero frequencies. The zero value Rabi frequencies in the system is absent. For even atomic numbers the zero value of Rabi frequencies appear: two, four, six and so one. In the last case the number of collective level in the system is odd and the trapping states of the atoms in the cavity are possible.
The transferred energy between two (three) radiators localized in two (three) cavities in interaction through an evanescent field is investigated. In the good-cavity limit the exact solution of the Schrödinger equation for this system is obtained. An interesting problem appears when the located excitation in one atom from one distinguished cavity is transferred to a second atom from another cavity. We analyze analytically and numerically the dynamics of the transferred energy as a function of the coupling constant between the cavities. Another interesting problem is the trapping condition for two atoms flying through different coupled cavities. For subsystems consisting of two atomic levels, we know that, only a dynamic trapping condition can be found. In this paper, we show that due to the coupling of the cavities, the trapping condition for two atoms flying through different cavities becomes possible. This effect depends on the coupling constants between the cavities and the dipole interaction between the radiators and cavity modes. A similar problem is studied in the bad-cavity limit, when the lifetime of photons in the cavity is smaller than the decay time of excited atoms. In this case, we write the analytical solution of the master equation and show its entanglement. We obtain that entangled states arise from non-entangled initial states of the atoms. The exact description of such a system opens up new possibilities for the processing of quantum information with two optical cavities.
We have assumed that atoms are placed in given positions of the standing wave of cavity. Based on modern optical achievements it is possible to localize a small number of emitters (atoms, ions, molecules and even nuclei) in various geometrical systems like optical cavities, quantum dots, optical lattices and dielectric or disordered media. It is supposed that at initial moment t = 0 pair of atoms is prepared in superposition of ground state |g⟩, first excited |e1⟩, second |e2⟩ and third excited |e3⟩ states and quantized cavity field in coherent state |ξ⟩. By using exact analytical solution for statevector of the coupled atom-field system found with the help of Schrodinger equation quantum-statistical properties of the quantized cavity field are examined as a function of the |ξ| parameter. Exact analytical solutions for the atomic population inversion ⟨Sz⟩, mean photon number ⟨n⟩ and their fluctuations σ are obtained by using this solution. In this situation quantum statistics of cavity field has the tendency towards oscillations, but exact periodicity of these oscillations is violated by the analogy with the micromaser model [2] and two-photon JCM of a threelevel atom [3].
The quantum mechanical analysis for a non-resonant case of a single radiation mode interacting with a two-level atom in a cavity is studied. Expressions for the mean value of photon number and the time evolution of the atomic motion are given. The frequency of exchange energy between the atomic levels and the radiation field systems for non- resonant and resonant interactions is obtained. Results for all initial states of the atom-radiation field are presented. Results for resonant and non-resonant interactions are compared.
The present report deals with the condition under which an ensemble of atoms goes over into a regime of collective two-photon nutation, and with the behavior of Rabi frequency as function of external light. To simplify this problem, we consider a system of Λ-type atoms that enters into two-photon resonance with an external squeezed electromagnetic field relative to the forbidden transition ∣1> ∣2> , where ∣1> and ∣2> are ground and first exited states [1,2] The situation is examining, when the values of quantum fluctuations of electromagnetic field intensity have the same value as the mean value of electromagnetic field intensity. This is one of main difference between the our paper and [2]. The proposed mathematical model permits to take into account all the two-photon diagrams. These diagrams describe not only resonance two-photon transitions but two-photon scattering processes between ∣1> and ∣2> levels too. Using mathematical method which is proposed in [1,2] it is obtained the master equation for the atom subsystem. Two stationary solutions for the case when Rabi frequency is larger than the inverse value of the collective two-photon decay time and the case when external light is coherent are examined. It is showing that the absorption rate of an phase squeezed field is larger than the absorption rate of an amplitude squeezed light. We also obtained the behavior of inversion between the levels ∣1> and ∣2>, when the collective of atoms enters into two-photon resonance with external field.
Abstract The restoration of the initial state in the Raman interaction of the two atoms with the quantified pump and Stokes (anti-Stokes) cavity modes is analytically obtained. For this the su (2) symmetry representation of the bimodal field and a system of two atoms in scattering interaction is proposed for the simplification of the problem. Using the proprieties of the generators su (2) algebra the exact non-stationary solution of the system of two atoms in interaction with the bimodal field is found, taking into consideration the initial disentangled state between the atomic and field superposition. It is demonstrated that after this collapse and revivals of the inversion of flying atoms in the processes of absorption and emission of the photons from Stokes and pump modes the system atoms and field becomes entangled. The conditions of the restoration of the initial state of the atom-field system were established as a function of the flying time through the resonator possible. A set of discrete flying time intervals for the restoration of the initial disentangled state was found.