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Stability of high bit rate quantum key distribution on installed fiber

J. F. Dynes, I. Choi, A. W. Sharpe, A. R. Dixon, Zhiliang L. Yuan, Mikio Fujiwara, Masahide Sasaki, Andrew J. Shields

Published Jul 3, 2012• 60 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a study of the effects of ambient fluctuations on the bit rate stability of a quantum key distribution (QKD) link operating on installed fiber. Secure quantum keys were distributed continuously for 60 hours over 45km of installed fiber. A total of 6.33 × 1010 bits were exchanged during this period, the largest volume of secure keys distributed on installed fiber in a single continuous session to date. We report a record bit-rate distance product for QKD of 13.2 × 106 (bits/s)-km. ©2012 Optical Society of America.

DOI
10.1364/oe.20.016339

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We present a study of the effects of ambient fluctuations on the bit rate stability of a quantum key distribution (QKD) link operating on installed fiber. Secure quantum keys were distributed continuously for 60 hours over 45km of installed fiber. A total of 6.33 × 1010 bits were exchanged during this period, the largest volume of secure keys distributed on installed fiber in a single continuous session to date. We report a record bit-rate distance product for QKD of 13.2 × 106 (bits/s)-km. ©2012 Optical Society of America.
We demonstrate a quantum key distribution with a secure bit rate exceeding 1 Mbit/s over 50 km fiber averaged over a continuous 36 h period. Continuous operation of high bit rates is achieved using feedback systems to control path length difference and polarization in the interferometer and the timing of the detection windows. High bit rates and continuous operation allows finite key size effects to be strongly reduced, achieving a key extraction efficiency of 96% compared to keys of infinite lengths.
We demonstrate a quantum key distribution with a secure bit rate exceeding 1 Mbit/s over 50 km fiber averaged over a continuous 36 h period. Continuous operation of high bit rates is achieved using feedback systems to control path length difference and polarization in the interferometer and the timing of the detection windows. High bit rates and continuous operation allows finite key size effects to be strongly reduced, achieving a key extraction efficiency of 96% compared to keys of infinite lengths. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uniquely allows the distribution of cryptographic keys with security verified by quantum mechanical limits.Both protocol execution and subsequent applications require the assistance of classical data communication channels.While using separate fibers is one option, it is economically more viable if data and quantum signals are simultaneously transmitted through a single fiber.However, noise-photon contamination arising from the intense data signal has severely restricted both the QKD distances and secure key rates.Here, we exploit a novel temporal-filtering effect for noisephoton rejection.This allows high-bit-rate QKD over fibers up to 90 km in length and populated with error-free bidirectional Gb=s data communications.With a high-bit rate and range sufficient for important information infrastructures, such as smart cities and 10-Gbit Ethernet, QKD is a significant step closer toward wide-scale deployment in fiber networks.
A novel, user-friendly quantum key distribution (QKD) system operating at a wavelength of 1550nm and at a clock rate of 10MHz was constructed to explore the compatibility of this emerging technology with the optical fiber network environment. Custom circuit boards providing the low-level control and sensing functions for both the transmitter and receiver were developed, allowing software-based system reconfiguration via USB interface to personal computers. The computer control allowed the user to change operating parameters such as detector bias voltages and pulse delays and also allowed for self-tuning of the system. Epitaxx avalanche photodiodes, operated in Geiger mode, were used to detect the single photons. A complete QKD protocol stack incorporating the sifting, reconciliation, privacy amplification, authentication and key confirmation functions was implemented in software. The system was tested over twenty five kilometers of dark underground fiber, producing 18.6 million sifted bits, with a sifted bit error rate of 4.9% at an average number of photons per pulse of 0.2, during a continuous 12-hour period of self-sustaining operation: a small portion of the secret bits distilled from each session's sifted bits were used to authenticate the next session. A total of 6.8 million shared secret bits were produced.