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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Telegraph signals as a solution of the time dependent Schrödinger equation let standard Copenhagen quantum mechanics emerge

G. Doyen, D. Drakova

Published Jun 10, 2013• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A particle switching between two sites of a symmetric system in weak interaction with an environmental continuum of high density of states exhibits a telegraph-signal-like time development without the need of the Born-Bohr principle of reduction on eigenstates of the measuring equipment. The origin of the telegraph signal is a very weak local coupling of the particle to the continuum of gravitons which is connected with an enormous slow down of the particle motion. The proposed mechanism envisages entanglement to gravitons in high dimensional spacetime, which, in accord with Gauss law, gives rise to a local and much stronger gravitational law compared to classical gravitation. The physics behind the quantum jumps and the telegraph-signal-like time development is elucidated. The model might be useful for studying environmental decoherence effects on adsorbate localization and quantum diffusion on solid surface.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/442/1/012032

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A particle switching between two sites of a symmetric system in weak interaction with an environmental continuum of high density of states exhibits a telegraph-signal-like time development without the need of the Born-Bohr principle of reduction on eigenstates of the measuring equipment. The origin of the telegraph signal is a very weak local coupling of the particle to the continuum of gravitons which is connected with an enormous slow down of the particle motion. The proposed mechanism envisages entanglement to gravitons in high dimensional spacetime, which, in accord with Gauss law, gives rise to a local and much stronger gravitational law compared to classical gravitation. The physics behind the quantum jumps and the telegraph-signal-like time development is elucidated. The model might be useful for studying environmental decoherence effects on adsorbate localization and quantum diffusion on solid surface.
A particle switching between two sides of a symmetric system in interaction with a continuum exhibits a telegraph-like time development without the need of the Born-Bohr principle of reduction on eigenstates of the measuring equipment. The origin of the telegraph signal is a very weak local coupling of the particle to the continuum which is connected with an enormous slow down of the particle motion. The proposed mechanism might serve as a useful simple model for studying decoherence effects due to coupling to the environment.
We construct a world model consisting of a matter field living in 4 dimensional spacetime and a gravitational field living in 11 dimensional spacetime. The seven hidden dimensions are compactified within a radius estimated by reproducing the particle - wave characteristic of diffraction experiments. In the presence of matter fields the gravitational field develops localized modes with elementary excitations called gravonons which are induced by the sources (massive particles). The final world model treated here contains only gravonons and a scalar matter field. The solution of the Schroedinger equation for the world model yields matter fields which are localized in the 4 dimensional subspace. The localization has the following properties: (i) There is a chooser mechanism for the selection of the localization site. (ii) The chooser selects one site on the basis of minor energy differences and differences in the gravonon structure between the sites, which appear statistical. (iii) The changes from one localization site to a neighbouring one take place in a telegraph-signal like manner. (iv) The times at which telegraph like jumps occur dependent on subtleties of the gravonon structure which appear statistical. (v) The fact that the dynamical law acts in the configuration space of fields living in 11 dimensional spacetime lets the events observed in 4 dimensional spacetime appear non-local. In this way the phenomenology of Copenhagen quantum mechanics is obtained without the need of introducing the process of collapse and a probabilistic interpretation of the wave function. Operators defining observables need not be introduced. All experimental findings are explained in a deterministic way as a consequence of the time development of the wave function in configuration space according to Schroedinger's equation.
We construct a world model consisting of a matter field living in 4 dimensional spacetime and a gravitational field living in 11 dimensional spacetime. The seven hidden dimensions are compactified within a radius estimated by reproducing the particle–wave characteristics of diffraction experiments. In the presence of matter fields the gravitational field develops localized modes with elementary excitations called gravonons which are induced by the sources (massive particles). The final world model treated here contains only gravonons and a scalar matter field. The gravonons are localized in the environment of the massive particles which generate them. The solution of the Schrödinger equation for the world model yields matter fields which are localized in the 4 dimensional subspace. The localization has the following properties: (i) There is a chooser mechanism for the selection of the localization site. (ii) The chooser selects one site on the basis of minor energy differences and differences in the gravonon structure between the sites, which at present cannot be controlled experimentally and therefore let the choice appear statistical. (iii) The changes from one localization site to a neighbouring one take place in a telegraph-signal like manner. (iv) The times at which telegraph like jumps occur depend on subtleties of the gravonon structure which at present cannot be controlled experimentally and therefore let the telegraph-like jumps appear statistical. (v) The fact that the dynamical law acts in the configuration space of fields living in 11 dimensional spacetime lets the events observed in 4 dimensional spacetime appear non-local. In this way the phenomenology of CQM is obtained without the need of introducing the process of collapse and a probabilistic interpretation of the wave function. Operators defining observables need not be introduced. All experimental findings are explained in a deterministic way as a consequence of the time development of the wave function in configuration space according to Schrödinger’s equation without the need of introducing a probabilistic interpretation.
Ever since Schrodinger, the time-dependent Schrodinger equation has been regarded as the fundamental physical law of the unitary-only quantum theory. However, while the origin of time for non-conservative systems can be traced back to the environmental influence, this procedure is inapplicable for the closed (conservative) quantum systems. Hence the question of the origin of time for closed systems. In addressing this issue, in order to avoid circularity of the standard universal (global) time as well as assumptions that could be additional to the standard postulates of quantum theory, we stick to the so-called quantum-mechanical local time. The problems that inevitably appear in such minimalist rejection of the standard role of time in physics are solved with mathematical rigor while leading to the emergent time for every, at least approximately, closed (conservative) system as well as to establishing the time-dependent Schrodinger law as the fundamental law of the unitary non-relativistic as well as relativistic-field quantum theory.
The fact that gravitational environments cannot be shielded (since gravity is universal) makes them of great theoretical interest to decoherence mechanisms and to the quantum-to-classical transition. While past results seemed to indicate that graviton-induced decoherence of spatial superpositions happens only for macroscopic systems, recently it was shown that this mechanism can be enhanced through the system's own dynamical internal structure. In this work, we extend this analysis by including the interaction with a classical Newtonian potential. We show that, although the graviton bath alone dominates the mechanism for short times compared to a timescale established by the size of the quantum spatial superposition, the interaction between the gravitons and the internal degrees of freedom of the system renders decoherence inevitable in the long-time limit, even for microscopic masses. We also show that this mechanism is slightly slowed down by the interplay with the classical Newtonian potential, which, for systems without dynamical internal degrees of freedom, can even lead to recoherence-like behaviour, at least in principle.
An explanation for quantum mechanics is given in terms of a classical theory (general relativity) for the first time. Specifically, it is shown that certain structures in classical general relativity can give rise to the non-classical logic normally associated with quantum mechanics. An artificial classical model of quantum logic is constructed to show how the Hilbert space structure of quantum mechanics is a natural way to describe a measurement-dependent stochastic process. A 4-geon model of an elementary particle is proposed which is asymptotically flat, particle-like and has a non-trivial causal structure. The usual Cauchy data are no longer sufficient to determine a unique evolution; the measurement apparatus itself can impose further non-redundant boundary conditions. When measurements of an object provide additional non-redundant boundary conditions, the associated propositions would fail to satisfy the distributive law of classical physics. Using the 4-geon model, an orthomodular lattice of propositions, characteristic of quantum mechanics, is formally constructed within the framework of classical general relativity. The model described provides a classical gravitational basis for quantum mechanics, obviating the need for quantum gravity. The equations of quantum mechanics are unmodified, but quantum behaviour is not universal; classical particles and waves could exist and there is no graviton.