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Physica Scripta

Quantum and Classical Exact Solutions of the Time-Dependent Driven Generalized Harmonic Oscillator

Mai-Lin Liang, WU Hai-bo

Published Jan 1, 2003• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using the trial function method, exact wave functions of the time-dependent driven generalized harmonic oscillator (TDGHO) were derived. The wave functions are wave packets with the center moving according to the classical equation of motion. Correspondingly, the geometrical phase is divided into two parts with one part generated by the shape change of the wave packet and the other part by the motion of the wave packet center. The exact classical solution as well as the classical phase was obtained from a quantum description by the Heisenberg correspondence principle. Finally, the relationship between the quantum and classical phases was achieved.

DOI
10.1238/physica.regular.068a00041

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Using the trial function method, exact wave functions of the time-dependent driven generalized harmonic oscillator (TDGHO) were derived. The wave functions are wave packets with the center moving according to the classical equation of motion. Correspondingly, the geometrical phase is divided into two parts with one part generated by the shape change of the wave packet and the other part by the motion of the wave packet center. The exact classical solution as well as the classical phase was obtained from a quantum description by the Heisenberg correspondence principle. Finally, the relationship between the quantum and classical phases was achieved.
A generalization of a driven harmonic oscillator with time-dependent mass and frequency, by adding total time-derivative terms to the Lagrangian, is considered. The generalization, which gives a general quadratic Hamiltonian system, does not change the classical equation of motion. Based on the observation by Feynman and Hibbs, the propagators (kernels) of the systems are calculated from the classical action, in terms of solutions of the classical equation of motion: two homogeneous solutions and one particular solution. The kernels are then used to find wave functions that satisfy the Schr\"odinger equation. One of the wave functions is shown to be that of a Gaussian pure state. In every case considered, we prove that the kernel does not depend on the way of choosing the classical solutions, while the wave functions depend on the choice. The generalization, which gives a rather complicated quadratic Hamiltonian, is simply interpreted as applying unitary transformation to the driven harmonic oscillator system in the Hamiltonian formulation.
For a damped harmonic oscillator forced by a time-dependent field, the exact wave function is obtained by three different methods: (i) path integral, (ii) second quantization, and (iii) dynamical invariant. The explicit form of the dynamical invariant involves a solution to a corresponding auxiliary equation. The coherent states, defined as eigenstates of a new destruction operator, form a nonorthogonal, overcomplete set and correspond to the minimum uncertainty states. These coherent states give the exact classical motion of the damped driven harmonic oscillator.
We investigate the dynamics and geometric phases of a time-dependent singular oscillator. We construct certain Gaussian wave packet solutions of the corresponding Schrödinger equation, relate the latter with the classical equation of motion and explore the relationship between the associated quantum and phase angles. It is shown by a simple geometrical approach that the geometrical phase is connected with the classical nonadiabatic Hannay angle of the generalized harmonic oscillator. Our geometric approach is based on a rule for a 'natural transport' of the complex two-dimensional vector in the phase space and the results obtained are quite suggestive of similarities to the quantum mechanical two-state evolution.