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Physical Review Letters

Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels

Charles H. Bennett, Gilles Brassard A, Claude Crépeau, Richard Jozsa, Asher Peres, William K. Wootters

Published Mar 29, 1993• 13,703 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An unknown quantum state \ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\varphi}〉 can be disassembled into, then later reconstructed from, purely classical information and purely nonclassical Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations. To do so the sender, ``Alice,'' and the receiver, ``Bob,'' must prearrange the sharing of an EPR-correlated pair of particles. Alice makes a joint measurement on her EPR particle and the unknown quantum system, and sends Bob the classical result of this measurement. Knowing this, Bob can convert the state of his EPR particle into an exact replica of the unknown state \ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\varphi}〉 which Alice destroyed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.70.1895

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An unknown quantum state \ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\varphi}〉 can be disassembled into, then later reconstructed from, purely classical information and purely nonclassical Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations. To do so the sender, Alice,'' and the receiver, Bob,'' must prearrange the sharing of an EPR-correlated pair of particles. Alice makes a joint measurement on her EPR particle and the unknown quantum system, and sends Bob the classical result of this measurement. Knowing this, Bob can convert the state of his EPR particle into an exact replica of the unknown state \ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\varphi}〉 which Alice destroyed.
An unknown quantum state jOEi can be disassembled into, then later reconstructed from, purely classical information and purely nonclassical EPR correlations. To do so the sender, "Alice," and the receiver, "Bob," must prearrange the sharing of an EPRcorrelated pair of particles. Alice makes a joint measurement on her EPR particle and the unknown quantum system, and sends Bob the classical result of this measurement. Knowing this, Bob can convert the state of his EPR particle into an exact replica of the unknown state jOEi which Alice destroyed. Expanded version of manuscript submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. December 1992 PACS numbers: 03.65.Bz, 42.50.Dv, 89.70.+c (a) Permanent address. The existence of long range correlations between Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) [1] pairs of particles raises the question of their use for information transfer. Einstein himself used the word "telepathically" in this context [2]. It is known that instantaneous information transfer is definitely impossib...
A scheme to teleport an unknown two qubit state from Alice (the sender) to Bob (the receiver) using two Einstein Podolsky Rosen (EPR) pairs is presented, each EPR pair being shared by both Alice and Bob. Firstly, Alice combines each of the two particles in the teleported state with an EPR particle and makes Bell state measurement on each combination. Then she transmits the outcomes of her measurements to Bob classically. According to Alice′s measurement results, Bob can perform appropriate unitary operations on his two EPR particles to retrieve the initial state.
I propose to replace the dual classical and nonlocal channels used for teleporting unknown quantum states in the original protocol (OP) [Bennett, C. H., et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1895 (1993)] by either (i) one single quantum channel or (ii) two nonlocal channels in order to turn the OP into an all-quantum teleportation (AQT) protocol. Ideally, N runs of single channel AQT can be achieved with a single Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair, in contrast with the OP, which consumes N EPR pairs. In the two nonlocal channels proposal, Alice uses the superdense coding technique to send Bob her result, which makes AQT more economical than OP.
Teleporting a quantum state,the sender Alice disassembles the entire informations into two parts: one purely classical information and the another purely non-classical information,then sends them to the receiver Bob via two different channels.Firstly,sending the purely non-classical part,the EPR pair which consists of two fermions with the spin of 1 2 here plays the key role in the teleportation,one EPR particle is given to Alice,while the other is given to Bob.Alice performs a complete measurement of the von Neumann type on the joint system consisting of the original particle and her EPR particle,this measurement performed in the four eigenstates of the Bell operator leads to collapse the wave packet of the joint wavefunction into the four correlated Bell bases.Through applying the appropriate unitary transformation to the state of his EPR particle Bob can reconstruct a replica of the original state destroyed in Alice's hand.Moreover,this Bell measurement produces two bits of classical information which is sent to Bob,a quantum teleportation is therefore completed.The paper studies the interior relation between EPR pairs of particles and the quantum teleportation.
A scheme for teleporting an unknown quantum state of many particles is proposed. The scheme operates essentially by prearranging the sharing of an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-correlated pair of particles every time. We show that after performing a series of Bell-state measurements and single-particle unitary transformations, the unknown state of many particles, which was destroyed at one place, can be reconstructed at another place. Our scheme is actually obtained by generalizing an earlier scheme of Bennett et al. [ Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 (1993) 1895 ; 76 (1996) 722 ] known as quantum teleportation to the multiparticle case.
By quantum teleportation an unknown quantum state is destroyed at a sending place while its perfect replica state appears at a remote place via dual quantum and classical channels. Quantum teleportation allows for the transmission of quantum information to a distant location despite the impossibility of measuring or broadcasting the information to be transmitted. e classical teleportation is like a fax in which one could scan an object and send the information so that the object can be reconstructed at the destination. In this conventional facsimile transmission, the original object is scanned to extract partial information about it. e scanned information is then sent to the receiving station, where it is used to produce an approximate copy of the original object. e original object remains intact a er the scanning process. By contrast, in quantum teleportation, the uncertainty principle forbids any scanning process from extracting all the information in a quantum state. e nonlocal property of quantum mechanics enables the striking phenomenon of quantum teleportation. Bennett and coworkers28 showed that a quantum state can be teleported, provided one does not know that state, using a celebrated and paradoxical feature of quantum mechanics known as the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) e ect.11 ey found a way to scan out part of the information from an object A, which one wishes to teleport, while causing the remaining part of the information to pass to an object B, via the EPR e ect. In this process, two objects B and C form an entangled pair; object C is taken to the sending station, while object B is taken to the receiving station. At the sending station, object C is scanned together with the original object A, yielding some information and totally disrupting the state of A and C. e scanned information is sent to the receiving station, where it is used to select one of several treatments to be applied to object B, thereby putting B into an exact replica of the former state of A.