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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Investigation of Rydberg Atomic Interaction via Collisional Loss

Zhigang Feng, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia, Wanhua Zheng

Published Nov 11, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We present a detailed theoretically analysis of the time evolution of ultracold Rydberg atom number and effective lifetime as functions of the various parameters. We derive simple analytical formula from the existing theoretical model to estimate the strength of the Rydberg atom interaction from collisional loss rate. And estimate the strength of the dipole–dipole and van der Waals interaction from the evaluation of our recent experimental results using the present formula.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.81.124303

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We present a detailed theoretically analysis of the time evolution of ultracold Rydberg atom number and effective lifetime as functions of the various parameters. We derive simple analytical formula from the existing theoretical model to estimate the strength of the Rydberg atom interaction from collisional loss rate. And estimate the strength of the dipole–dipole and van der Waals interaction from the evaluation of our recent experimental results using the present formula.
Abstract We present a simple analytical formula from an existing theoretical model and theoretically investigate in detail the state dependence of interaction-induced collisional loss rate coefficients, and the various parameter effects on collisional loss rate. We also investigate the different mechanisms and corresponding effects on collisional loss by analyzing our previous experimental results using the present formula, and even investigate the time evolution of Rydberg atom number for different Rydberg states.
We measure the total collisional cross-sections of caesium Rydberg nD ( n =37–40) states by measuring the corresponding effective decay rates versus Rydberg atoms density in a conventional magneto-optical trap using the state-selective pulse field ionization technique. The results indicate that the large collisional cross-sections mainly come from the contribution of Rydberg atoms interactions. We also obtain the spontaneous radiative lifetimes of different Rydberg states by fitting experimental data, which are in agreement with the existing theoretical values within experimental error.
Systems of cold, interacting Rydberg atoms are of interest because they exhibit a wide range of collective quantum phenomena. This thesis describes experimental and theoretical work related to these systems with an emphasis on two phenomena: Rydberg excitation blockades and quantum-state-changing collisions. I begin by presenting a detailed calculation of the interaction energies of two Rydberg atoms for a variety of orientations, quantum states, and applied electric fields. The calculated energies are used to interpret the experimental results that follow. I then describe measurements showing that the widths of the distributions of Rydberg excitation number are related to the effectiveness of a Rydberg excitation blockade. These distributions are investigated as a function of principal quantum number, n, and applied electric field. In the presence of a Forster resonant field, sub-Poissonian distributions are measured. I next present a spectroscopic measurement of the energy level shift of a system of atoms which collectively shares two Rydberg excitations. The qualitative nature of the shift depends sensitively on the type of interactions between the atoms (van der Waals or dipole-dipole) and may be changed by changing the quantum state or applied electric field. This measurement provides the first spectroscopic proof that Rydberg excitation blockades are operative. Finally, I describe measurements of the probability for quantum state-changing and Penning-ionizing collisions to provide evidence for intrinsic, electric field-free-interaction resonances and complex many-body interactions in systems of cold Rydberg atoms.