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Laser Physics

Rotating spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensates in concentrically coupled annular traps

Xiao-Fei Zhang, Biao Li, Shougang Zhang

Published Aug 20, 2013• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study trapped 2D spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates with isotropic spin–orbit coupling and rotation, showing rich ground state phases and phase transition results from the nontrivial interplay among spin–orbit coupling, rotation and confinement. We show that for experimentally feasible parameters and only in the presence of spin–orbit coupling, a double-ring structure for the longitudinal magnetization of the system can be formed within the minima of inner and/or outer rings. Moreover, the rotation effectively enhances the effect of the spin–orbit coupling and controls the location of atoms between both rings. Our results provide a scenario of controlling different phases of a spin–orbit coupled condensate by varying the spin–orbit coupling strength and rotation frequency, instead of using the conventional approach of changing the s-wave scattering length.

DOI
10.1088/1054-660x/23/10/105501

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We study trapped 2D spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates with isotropic spin–orbit coupling and rotation, showing rich ground state phases and phase transition results from the nontrivial interplay among spin–orbit coupling, rotation and confinement. We show that for experimentally feasible parameters and only in the presence of spin–orbit coupling, a double-ring structure for the longitudinal magnetization of the system can be formed within the minima of inner and/or outer rings. Moreover, the rotation effectively enhances the effect of the spin–orbit coupling and controls the location of atoms between both rings. Our results provide a scenario of controlling different phases of a spin–orbit coupled condensate by varying the spin–orbit coupling strength and rotation frequency, instead of using the conventional approach of changing the s-wave scattering length.
We investigate the ground state of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates confined in concentrically coupled annular traps within the full parameter space accounts for all the nonlinear two-body collisions and the spin-orbit coupling. We find that depending on the ratio between interaction parameters and the strength of spin-orbit coupling, this coupled system presents various ground-state phases. Moreover, phase transition between radial phase separation and azimuthal phase separation can be induced by varying the strength of spin-orbit coupling when the system is first in radial phase separation, while phase transition between phase coexistence and azimuthal phase separation can also be realized through spin-orbit coupling when the system is first in phase coexistence. Finally, the spin texture is studied and the results show that the meron-antimeron pair spontaneously appears as the ground state of this coupled system. We also give an experimental protocol to observe these phenomena in future experiments.
We study trapped 2D atomic Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-independent interactions in the presence of an isotropic spin-orbit coupling, showing that a rich physics results from the nontrivial interplay between spin-orbit coupling, confinement and interatomic interactions. For low interactions two types of half-vortex solutions with different winding occur, whereas strong-enough repulsive interactions result in a stripe-phase similar to that predicted for homogeneous condensates. Intermediate interaction regimes are characterized for large enough spin-orbit coupling by an hexagonally-symmetric phase with a triangular lattice of density minima similar to that observed in rapidly rotating condensates.
Motivated by recent experimental realization of synthetic spin—orbit coupling in neutral quantum gases, we consider the quasi-two-dimensional rotating two-component Bose—Einstein condensates with anisotropic Rashba spin—orbit coupling subject to concentrically coupled annular potential. For experimentally feasible parameters, the rotating condensate exhibits a variety of rich ground state structures by varying the strengths of the spin—orbit coupling and rotational frequency. Moreover, the phase transitions between different ground state phases induced by the anisotropic spin—orbit coupling are obviously different from the isotropic one.
Dipolar Bosonic atoms confined in external potentials open up new avenues for quantum-state manipulation and will contribute to the design and exploration of novel functional materials. Here we investigate the ground-state and rotational properties of a rotating two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate, which consists of both dipolar bosonic atoms with magnetic dipole moments aligned vertically to the condensate and one without dipole moments, confined in concentrically coupled annular traps. For the nonrotational case, it is found that the tunable dipolar interaction can be used to control the location of each component between the inner and outer rings, and to induce the desired ground-state phase. Under finite rotation, it is shown that there exists a critical value of rotational frequency for the nondipolar case, above which vortex state can form at the trap center, and the related vortex structures depend strongly on the rotational frequency. For the dipolar case, it is found that various ground-state phases and the related vortex structures, such as polygonal vortex clusters and vortex necklaces, can be obtained via a proper choice of the dipolar interaction and rotational frequency. Finally, we also study and discuss the formation process of such vortex structures.
We study the ground-state phases of spin–orbit coupled spin-2 Bose–Einstein condensates in a two-dimensional concentrically coupled annular trap with the attractive and repulsive spin-exchange interactions, respectively. For the system with the attractive spin-exchange interaction, the ground-state phase densities in the inner ring show the bright solitons along the azimuthal direction with the weak spin–orbit coupling strength and the vortex line along the radial direction with the strong spin–orbit coupling strength. For the system with the repulsive spin-exchange interaction, the necklace-like state is shown. The number of petals of the necklace-like state continuous growth as the spin–orbit coupling strength enhanced. The momentum distributions of the ground-state phases are also studied.
We investigate the ground states of spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with spin–orbit coupling in a radially periodic potential by numerically solving the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations. In the radially periodic potential, we first demonstrate that spin–orbit-coupled antiferromagnetic BECs support a multiring petal phase. Polar–core vortex can be observed from phase profiles, which is manifested as circularly symmetric distribution. We further show that spin–orbit coupling can induce multiring soliton structure in ferromagnetic BECs. It is confirmed especially that the wave-function phase of the ring corresponding to uniform distribution satisfies the rotational symmetry, and the wave-function phase of the ring corresponding to partial splitting breaks the rotational symmetry. Adjusting the spin–orbit coupling strength can control the number of petal in antiferromagnetic BECs and the winding numbers of wave-function in ferromagnetic BECs. Finally, we discuss effects of spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions on the ground states.