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Physical Review B

Coherently induced stop-bands in resonantly absorbing and inhomogeneously broadened doped crystals

Qiongyi He, Yan Xue, M. Artoni, Giuseppe Carlo La Rocca, Ji-Hua Xu, Jin-Yue Gao

Published May 30, 2006• 28 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Inhomogeneously broadened doped solids supporting electromagnetically induced transparency are viable materials where optically tunable photonic band gaps may be observed and results are shown for Pr:YSO and nitrogen-vacancy color center materials. Such crystals, when coherently driven by a strong pump beam in a suitably designed standing wave configuration, exhibit a tunable stop-band with rather different values of the reflectivity. The different propagating behavior is investigated and characterized for a weak probe across the gap region of the two materials.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.73.195124

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Inhomogeneously broadened doped solids supporting electromagnetically induced transparency are viable materials where optically tunable photonic band gaps may be observed and results are shown for Pr:YSO and nitrogen-vacancy color center materials. Such crystals, when coherently driven by a strong pump beam in a suitably designed standing wave configuration, exhibit a tunable stop-band with rather different values of the reflectivity. The different propagating behavior is investigated and characterized for a weak probe across the gap region of the two materials.
When a three-level system is coherently driven by a strong modified standing wave, photonic band gaps are viable to realize. Theoretically detailed calculations, for Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{{3}^{+}}Pr3+-doped yttrium orthosilicate crystal with inhomogeneously broadening, further show that the gap structure can be dynamically controlled and optimized by modulating the Rabi frequency, the spatial periodicity of the standing wave, the reflectivity of mirror, and the angle of incidence. This adjustable photonic band gap determined by the external pump control parameters in a doped solid crystal should hold more potential for applications than that in typical photonic crystals which are determined once for all by the way the material periodic structure is grown.
We illustrate a mechanism based on coherent optical nonlinearities to realize optically tunable photonic crystals built from media supporting electromagnetically induced transparency. These exhibit specific periodic patterns where a light probe can experience a fully developed photonic band-gap with negligible absorption. An analytical method based on a two-mode approximation is developed to study the optical response of such a periodically modulated medium driven into a regime of standing-wave electromagnetically induced transparency. A comparison with a transfer matrix approach and with techniques based on the coupled Maxwell–Liouville equations shows that our method is very accurate to describe the optical properties of such photonic metamaterials in the frequency region of interest. Nearly perfect reflectivities may be attained for ultracold 87Rb atoms samples which are seen to reflect with little loss and deformation light pulses whose frequency components are contained within the gap. When the same mechanism is implemented for inhomogeneously broadened optical transitions of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, which is more amenable to device applications, fully developed photonic band-gap structures with negligible absorption, reflectivities very close to unity and sufficiently large bandwidths may also be attained. We further examine more flexible schemes based on four level systems under double driving conditions showing more accurate and efficient coherent optical control of the photonic band-gap. The remarkable experimental simplicity of the schemes that we presented is set to ease quantum nonlinear optics applications.
Resonantly absorbing media supporting electromagnetically induced transparency may give rise to specific periodic patterns where a light probe is found to experience a fully developed photonic band gap yet with negligible absorption everywhere. In ultracold atomic samples the gap is found to arise from spatial regions where Autler-Townes splitting and electromagnetically induced transparency alternate with one another and detailed calculations show that accurate and efficient coherent optical control of the gap can be accomplished. The remarkable experimental simplicity of the control scheme would ease quantum nonlinear optics applications.
Inhomogeneously broadened optical transitions of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond may be employed to attain fully developed photonic band-gap structures with negligible absorption via coherent optical nonlinearities. For realistic material parameters, the resulting band gap may be tuned via the coupling field to acquire reflectivities very close to unity and sufficiently large bandwidths. We anticipate that this can be used to optically control with remarkable experimental simplicity the reflected and transmitted parts of an incident light pulse.
Abstract Inhomogeneously broadened optical transitions in nitrogen‐vacancy color centers in diamond and Pr3+ doped yttrium orthosilicate may be employed to attain all‐optically controlled Bragg structures with photonic band‐gaps of high reflectivities and large bandwidths. Such a control mechanism is valuable for improving performance and scalability of solid quantum memory devices. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2722–2726, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24723