A new type of spin waves that arise in a paramagnetic gas with a nondegenerate energy level system is predicted. Such waves occur without the commonly applied external gas polarization and are only due to the nonequilibrium population of the operating levels. The dispersion law for these waves is derived.
We derive a kinetic equation for a polarized paramagnetic gas that is exact in the Boltzmann (binary) approximation. The equation is written in a compact form and applies to both Fermi and Bose gases in a wide temperature range as long as the Boltzmann approximation remains applicable. The derived equation is used to analyze the conditions for the propagation of spin waves in polarized Fermi and Bose gases. We deduce a universal criterion for the propagation of weakly damped spin waves in a wide temperature range. The criterion is reduced to the condition that the real parts of the particle zero-angle scattering amplitudes (or T matrices) be much larger than their imaginary parts. We derive dispersion equations for spin waves at high and low gas temperatures and show that spin waves can propagate in both these limiting cases.
We report two theoretical results for transverse spin waves, which arise in a system with a persistent spin current. Using Fermi liquid theory, we introduce a spin current in the ground state of a polarized or unpolarized Fermi liquid, and we derive the resultant spin waves using the Landau kinetic equation. The resulting spin waves have a q1 and q1/2 dispersion to leading order for the polarized and unpolarized systems, respectively.