Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos

CLASSICAL ODE AND PDE WHICH OBEY QUANTUM DYNAMICS

Paul J. Werbos

Published Oct 1, 2002• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is well known that classical systems governed by ODE or PDE can have extremely complex emergent properties. Many researchers have asked: is it possible that the statistical correlations which emerge over time in classical systems would allow effects as complex as those generated by quantum field theory (QFT)? For example, could parallel computation based on classical statistical correlations in systems based on continuous variables, distributed over space, possibly be as powerful as quantum computing based on entanglement? This paper proves that the answer to this question is essentially "yes," with certain caveats. More precisely, the paper shows that the statistics of many classical ODE and PDE systems obey dynamics remarkably similar to the Heisenberg dynamics of the corresponding quantum field theory (QFT). It supports Einstein's conjecture that much of quantum mechanics may be derived as a statistical formalism describing the dynamics of classical systems. Predictions of QFT result from combining quantum dynamics with quantum measurement rules. Bell's Theorem experiments which rule out "classical field theory" may therefore be interpreted as ruling out classical assumptions about measurement which were not part of the PDE. If quantum measurement rules can be derived as a consequence of quantum dynamics and gross thermodynamics, they should apply to a PDE model of reality just as much as they apply to a QFT model. This implies: (1) the real advantage of "quantum computing" lies in the exploitation of quantum measurement effects, which may have possibilities well beyond today's early efforts; (2) Lagrangian PDE models assuming the existence of objective reality should be reconsidered as a "theory of everything." This paper will review the underlying mathematics, prove the basic points, and suggest how a PDE-based approach might someday allow a finite, consistent unified field theory far simpler than superstring theory, the only known alternative to date.

DOI
10.1142/s021812740200573x

Related papers

Realistic Derivation of Heisenberg Dynamics

Paul J. Werbos

Einstein conjectured long ago that much of quantum mechanics might be derived as a statistical formalism describing the dynamics of classical systems. Bell's Theorem experiments have ruled out complete equivalence between quantum field theory (QFT) and classical field theory (CFT), but an equivalence between dynamics is not only possible but provable in simple bosonic systems. Future extensions of these results might possibly be useful in developing provably finite variations of the standard model of physics.

arXiv:quant-ph/0202138•Feb 25, 2002•1 citation

Proof of Partial Equivalence of Classical and Quantum Dynamics in Bosonic Systems

Paul J. Werbos

Quantum Field Theory (QFT) makes predictions by combining assumptions about (1) quantum dynamics, typically a Schrodinger or Liouville equation; (2) quantum measurement, usually via a collapse formalism. Here I define a "classical density matrix" rho to describe ensembles of states of ordinary second-order classical systems (ODE or PDE). I prove that the dynamics of the field observables, phi and pi, defined as operators over rho, obey precisely the usual Louiville equation for the same field operators in QFT, following Weinberg's treatment. I discuss implications in detail - particularly the implication that the difference between quantum computing and quantum mechanics versus classical systems lies mainly on the measurement side, not the dynamic side. But what if measurement itself were to be derived from dynamics and boundary conditions? An heretical realistic approach to building finite field theory is proposed, linked to the backwards time interpretation of quantum mechanics.

arXiv:quant-ph/0309031•Sep 2, 2003•1 citation

Nonlinear Dynamics and Quantum Mechanics: Bell’s Theorem Meets Correlated Statistics

Wm. C. McHarris

A number of the paradoxes encountered in the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics have apparent resolutions through parallels based in nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory. An overview of these is presented, with Bell’s theorem treated in somewhat greater detail. In these conferences (both “Quantum Theory: Reconsiderations of Foundations” and “Foundations of Probability and Physics”) Bell’s theorem has already been attacked by a number of authors in a number of ways, but here I demonstrate that the so‐called “classical” (or hidden variables) side of the derivation of Bell‐type inequalities is flawed because it is usually based on standard, non‐correlated statistics. When correlated statistics (including nonextensive thermodynamics) is considered, the classical upper limit on correlations is raised, overlapping with quantum predictions using entangled states. Thus, many of the Bell‐type experiments are rendered moot in ruling out “local reality.” Nonlinear dynamics/chaos could well provide a bridge between the determinism of Einstein and the probability of the Bohr school. Possible nonlinear underpinnings for quantum mechanics could also have implications lowering the plausibility of quantum computing.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2006•0 citations

Quantum Mechanics, Nonlinear Dynamics, and Correlated Statistical Mechanics

Wm. C. McHarris

Many of the so‐called paradoxes of orthodox quantum mechanics can be shown to have parallel, more logical interpretations in the realm of nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory. Among these are violations of Bell‐type inequalities, which in comparing “classical” mechanics with quantum mechanics implicitly compare uncorrelated and correlated statistics. During the past decade research in the field of nonextensive thermodynamics (including Tsallis entropy) has demonstrated the existence of many statistical correlations in classical, nonlinear systems. When such correlations exist, the conventional classical upper limit on statistical correlations in Bell‐type experiments can easily be raised to overlap with quantum mechanical predictions involving correlated states such as the Bell singlet state, a favorite for deriving Bell inequalities. Thus, arguments based on experimental violations of Bell‐type inequalities, which rule out the existence of “local reality,” become moot. Perhaps quantum mechanics does have a deterministic, ontological basis, albeit one based in nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory. If so, deterministic chaos could provide Einstein’s longed‐for fundamental determinism, but because chaotic systems must be interpreted statistically, this also fits in quite well with the ideas of Bohr — Einstein and Bohr both could have been correct! It should be emphasized that the concept of nonlinear dynamics and chaos underpinning quantum mechanics does not involve hidden variables, nor does the fact that chaos is deterministic interlope on the existence of free will.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2007•0 citations

Equivalence of Classical Statistics and Quantum Dynamics of Well-Posed Bosonic Field Theories

Paul J. Werbos, Ludmila Dolmatova Werbos

Quantum Field Theory (QFT) makes predictions by combining two sets of assumptions: (1) quantum dynamics, such as a Schrodinger or Liouville equation; (2) quantum measurement, such as stochastic collapse to an eigenfunction of a measurement operator. A previous paper defined a classical density matrix R encoding the statistical moments of an ensemble of states of classical second-order Hamiltonian field theory. It proved Tr(RQ)=E(Q), etc., for the usual field operators as defined by Weinberg, and it proved that those observables of the classical system obey the usual Heisenberg dynamic equation. However, R itself obeys dynamics different from the usual Liouville equation! This paper derives those dynamics and the discrepancy between CFT and normal form QFT in predicting any observables g(Q,P). There is some preliminary evidence for the conjecture that the discrepancies disappear in equilibrium states (bound states and scattering states) for finite bosonic field theories. Even if not, they appear small enough to warrant reconsideration of CFT as a theory of dynamics. Appendix proposes alternative closure of turbulence based on modified Bogliubov transforms, an application where ordinary ones become undefined.

arXiv:quant-ph/0309087•Sep 10, 2003•0 citations

Schroedinger equation and classical physics

M. V. Lokajíček

Any time-dependent solution of Schrödinger equation may be always correlated to a solution of Hamilton equations or to a statistical combination of their solutions; only the set of corresponding solutions is somewhat smaller (due to existence of quantization). There is not any reason to the physical interpretation according to Copenhagen alternative as Bell's inequalities are valid in the classical physics only (and not in any alternative based on Schrödinger equation). The advantage of Schrödinger equation consists then in that it enables to represent directly the time evolution of a statistical distribution of classical initial states (which is usual in collision experiments). The Schrödinger equation (without assumptions added by Bohr) may then represent the common physical theory for microscopic as well as macroscopic physical systems. However, together with the last possibility the solutions of Schrödinger equation may be helpful also in analyzing the influence of other statistically distributed properties (e.g., spin orientations or space structures) of individual matter objects forming a corresponding physical system, which goes in principle beyond the classical physics. In any case, the contemporary quantum theory represents the phenomenological approximative description of some matter characteristics only, without providing any insight into quantum mechanism emergence. In such a case it is necessary to take into account more detailed properties at least of some involved objects.

arXiv:1205.6720•May 30, 2012•2 citations
It is well known that classical systems governed by ODE or PDE can have extremely complex emergent properties. Many researchers have asked: is it possible that the statistical correlations which emerge over time in classical systems would allow effects as complex as those generated by quantum field theory (QFT)? For example, could parallel computation based on classical statistical correlations in systems based on continuous variables, distributed over space, possibly be as powerful as quantum computing based on entanglement? This paper proves that the answer to this question is essentially "yes," with certain caveats. More precisely, the paper shows that the statistics of many classical ODE and PDE systems obey dynamics remarkably similar to the Heisenberg dynamics of the corresponding quantum field theory (QFT). It supports Einstein's conjecture that much of quantum mechanics may be derived as a statistical formalism describing the dynamics of classical systems. Predictions of QFT result from combining quantum dynamics with quantum measurement rules. Bell's Theorem experiments which rule out "classical field theory" may therefore be interpreted as ruling out classical assumptions about measurement which were not part of the PDE. If quantum measurement rules can be derived as a consequence of quantum dynamics and gross thermodynamics, they should apply to a PDE model of reality just as much as they apply to a QFT model. This implies: (1) the real advantage of "quantum computing" lies in the exploitation of quantum measurement effects, which may have possibilities well beyond today's early efforts; (2) Lagrangian PDE models assuming the existence of objective reality should be reconsidered as a "theory of everything." This paper will review the underlying mathematics, prove the basic points, and suggest how a PDE-based approach might someday allow a finite, consistent unified field theory far simpler than superstring theory, the only known alternative to date.
Einstein conjectured long ago that much of quantum mechanics might be derived as a statistical formalism describing the dynamics of classical systems. Bell's Theorem experiments have ruled out complete equivalence between quantum field theory (QFT) and classical field theory (CFT), but an equivalence between dynamics is not only possible but provable in simple bosonic systems. Future extensions of these results might possibly be useful in developing provably finite variations of the standard model of physics.
Quantum Field Theory (QFT) makes predictions by combining assumptions about (1) quantum dynamics, typically a Schrodinger or Liouville equation; (2) quantum measurement, usually via a collapse formalism. Here I define a "classical density matrix" rho to describe ensembles of states of ordinary second-order classical systems (ODE or PDE). I prove that the dynamics of the field observables, phi and pi, defined as operators over rho, obey precisely the usual Louiville equation for the same field operators in QFT, following Weinberg's treatment. I discuss implications in detail - particularly the implication that the difference between quantum computing and quantum mechanics versus classical systems lies mainly on the measurement side, not the dynamic side. But what if measurement itself were to be derived from dynamics and boundary conditions? An heretical realistic approach to building finite field theory is proposed, linked to the backwards time interpretation of quantum mechanics.
A number of the paradoxes encountered in the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics have apparent resolutions through parallels based in nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory. An overview of these is presented, with Bell’s theorem treated in somewhat greater detail. In these conferences (both “Quantum Theory: Reconsiderations of Foundations” and “Foundations of Probability and Physics”) Bell’s theorem has already been attacked by a number of authors in a number of ways, but here I demonstrate that the so‐called “classical” (or hidden variables) side of the derivation of Bell‐type inequalities is flawed because it is usually based on standard, non‐correlated statistics. When correlated statistics (including nonextensive thermodynamics) is considered, the classical upper limit on correlations is raised, overlapping with quantum predictions using entangled states. Thus, many of the Bell‐type experiments are rendered moot in ruling out “local reality.” Nonlinear dynamics/chaos could well provide a bridge between the determinism of Einstein and the probability of the Bohr school. Possible nonlinear underpinnings for quantum mechanics could also have implications lowering the plausibility of quantum computing.
Many of the so‐called paradoxes of orthodox quantum mechanics can be shown to have parallel, more logical interpretations in the realm of nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory. Among these are violations of Bell‐type inequalities, which in comparing “classical” mechanics with quantum mechanics implicitly compare uncorrelated and correlated statistics. During the past decade research in the field of nonextensive thermodynamics (including Tsallis entropy) has demonstrated the existence of many statistical correlations in classical, nonlinear systems. When such correlations exist, the conventional classical upper limit on statistical correlations in Bell‐type experiments can easily be raised to overlap with quantum mechanical predictions involving correlated states such as the Bell singlet state, a favorite for deriving Bell inequalities. Thus, arguments based on experimental violations of Bell‐type inequalities, which rule out the existence of “local reality,” become moot. Perhaps quantum mechanics does have a deterministic, ontological basis, albeit one based in nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory. If so, deterministic chaos could provide Einstein’s longed‐for fundamental determinism, but because chaotic systems must be interpreted statistically, this also fits in quite well with the ideas of Bohr — Einstein and Bohr both could have been correct! It should be emphasized that the concept of nonlinear dynamics and chaos underpinning quantum mechanics does not involve hidden variables, nor does the fact that chaos is deterministic interlope on the existence of free will.
Quantum Field Theory (QFT) makes predictions by combining two sets of assumptions: (1) quantum dynamics, such as a Schrodinger or Liouville equation; (2) quantum measurement, such as stochastic collapse to an eigenfunction of a measurement operator. A previous paper defined a classical density matrix R encoding the statistical moments of an ensemble of states of classical second-order Hamiltonian field theory. It proved Tr(RQ)=E(Q), etc., for the usual field operators as defined by Weinberg, and it proved that those observables of the classical system obey the usual Heisenberg dynamic equation. However, R itself obeys dynamics different from the usual Liouville equation! This paper derives those dynamics and the discrepancy between CFT and normal form QFT in predicting any observables g(Q,P). There is some preliminary evidence for the conjecture that the discrepancies disappear in equilibrium states (bound states and scattering states) for finite bosonic field theories. Even if not, they appear small enough to warrant reconsideration of CFT as a theory of dynamics. Appendix proposes alternative closure of turbulence based on modified Bogliubov transforms, an application where ordinary ones become undefined.
Any time-dependent solution of Schrödinger equation may be always correlated to a solution of Hamilton equations or to a statistical combination of their solutions; only the set of corresponding solutions is somewhat smaller (due to existence of quantization). There is not any reason to the physical interpretation according to Copenhagen alternative as Bell's inequalities are valid in the classical physics only (and not in any alternative based on Schrödinger equation). The advantage of Schrödinger equation consists then in that it enables to represent directly the time evolution of a statistical distribution of classical initial states (which is usual in collision experiments). The Schrödinger equation (without assumptions added by Bohr) may then represent the common physical theory for microscopic as well as macroscopic physical systems. However, together with the last possibility the solutions of Schrödinger equation may be helpful also in analyzing the influence of other statistically distributed properties (e.g., spin orientations or space structures) of individual matter objects forming a corresponding physical system, which goes in principle beyond the classical physics. In any case, the contemporary quantum theory represents the phenomenological approximative description of some matter characteristics only, without providing any insight into quantum mechanism emergence. In such a case it is necessary to take into account more detailed properties at least of some involved objects.