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Physics and Chemistry of Liquids

Slater Sum for a Three-Dimensional Inhomogeneous Fermi Fluid with One-Dimensional Harmonic Confinement

C. Amovilli, Norman Henry March

Published Jan 1, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In early work, Bardeen [1] proposed a model whereby a three-dimensional Fermi fluid is confined to a half-space by a planar infinite barrier in the xy plane. Brown, Brown and March [2] subsequently worked out the Slater sum S(z, β), β = 1/kB for this same model of partial confinement. The present work considers S(z, β) for additional harmonic confinement in the z direction. When the harmonic force constant is switched off the Slater sum calculated by Brown, Brown and March is recovered. The off-diagonal Slater sum, namely the canonical density matrix, is treated which in turn yields the Feynman propagator for this model when the reciprocal temperature β is replaced by the pure imaginary time.

DOI
10.1080/00319100208086660

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In early work, Bardeen [1] proposed a model whereby a three-dimensional Fermi fluid is confined to a half-space by a planar infinite barrier in the xy plane. Brown, Brown and March [2] subsequently worked out the Slater sum S(z, β), β = 1/kB for this same model of partial confinement. The present work considers S(z, β) for additional harmonic confinement in the z direction. When the harmonic force constant is switched off the Slater sum calculated by Brown, Brown and March is recovered. The off-diagonal Slater sum, namely the canonical density matrix, is treated which in turn yields the Feynman propagator for this model when the reciprocal temperature β is replaced by the pure imaginary time.
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Because of experimental interest in the effects of particle interactions in Bose condensates, such as a dilute atomic vapour of 87Rb, we have worked out the momentum distribution in an N-Boson many-body assembly at T = 0, for which both confinement and interbosonic interactions are modelled as purely harmonic. The half-width of the Gaussian momentum distribution is displayed as a function of N and of the strength and sign of the harmonic interactions. The bosonic kinetic energy is finally treated.
Abstract For a one‐body potential V(r) generating eigenfunctions ψi(r) and corresponding eigenvalues ϵi, the Feynman propagator K(r, r′, t) is simply related to the canonical density matrix C(r, r}′, β) by β → it. The diagonal element S(r, r},β) of C is the so‐called Slater sum of statistical mechanics. Differential equations for the Slater sum are first briefly reviewed, a quite general equation being available for a one‐dimensional potential V(x). This equation can be solved for a sech2 potential, and some physical properties of interest such as the local density of states are derived by way of illustration. Then, the Coulomb potential –Ze2/r is next considered, and it is shown that what is essentially the inverse Laplace transform of S(r, β)/β can be calculated for an arbitrary number of closed shells. Blinder has earlier determined the Feynman propagator in terms of Whittaker functions and contact is here established with his work. The currently topical case of Fermion vapours which are harmonically confined is then treated, for both two and three dimensions. Finally, in an Appendix, a perturbation series for the Slater sum is briefly summarized, to all orders in the one‐body potential V(r). The corresponding kinetic energy is thereby accessible.