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Optics Letters

Regenerative amplifiers with one phase-conjugate mirror

Manuel Nieto‐Vesperinas

Published Dec 1, 1984• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the operating characteristics of a cavity with a gain medium inside and one phase-conjugate mirror as a regenerative amplifier. We show that, for this cavity to work efficiently, the phase-conjugate mirror must have a reflectivity in a certain range determined by the reflectivity of the ordinary mirror. The difference between the phase shift of the incident wave and twice that introduced in the phase-conjugation process should be nonzero.

DOI
10.1364/ol.9.000555

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We study the operating characteristics of a cavity with a gain medium inside and one phase-conjugate mirror as a regenerative amplifier. We show that, for this cavity to work efficiently, the phase-conjugate mirror must have a reflectivity in a certain range determined by the reflectivity of the ordinary mirror. The difference between the phase shift of the incident wave and twice that introduced in the phase-conjugation process should be nonzero.
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A theoretical study of the stationary regime of a four-wave mixing oscillator inside a cavity is presented. The theory is developed in a situation where the phase-conjugate reflection R/sub c/ is much smaller than 1. To find the intensity emitted by this oscillator, two types of saturation mechanism, pump-beam depletion and atomic saturation, are considered. The principal characteristics of the degenerate oscillation are the following: very-low-threshold, bistable behavior, and phase locking of the oscillating beam on the pump beams. In the nondegenerate case, it is shown that the position of the phase-conjugate medium inside the cavity is an essential parameter to determine the threshold condition.>
We demonstrate a phase-conjugating mirror that has a continuous-wave power reflectivity much greater than unity (gain ~100). This mirror uses nonresonant degenerate four-wave mixing in a single crystal of barium titanate (BaTiO3). With our mirror we have (1) observed cw self-oscillation in an optical resonator formed by this mirror and a normal mirror, (2) demonstrated a cw oscillator that, in spite of phase-distorting material placed inside the resonator, will always emit a TEM00 mode, and (3) demonstrated an optical image amplifier. This mirror will work at any visible wavelength and with weak (milliwatt or weaker) pump beams.
We demonstrate a phase-conjugating mirror that has a continuous-wave power reflectivity much greater than unity (gain ~100). This mirror uses nonresonant degenerate four-wave mixing in a single crystal of barium titanate (BaTiO3). With our mirror we have (1) observed cw self-oscillation in an optical resonator formed by this mirror and a normal mirror, (2) demonstrated a cw oscillator that, in spite of phase-distorting material placed inside the resonator, will always emit a TEM00 mode, and (3) demonstrated an optical image amplifier. This mirror will work at any visible wavelength and with weak (milliwatt or weaker) pump beams.
We have developed a theory for nondegenerate oscillations in optical resonators containing an intracavity phase-conjugate element. The phase-conjugate element consists of a nonlinear transparent medium that is pumped externally by a pair of counterpropagating laser beams of the same frequency and intensity. Phase conjugation of an input beam of slightly different frequency occurs because of nondegenerate four-wave mixing. The theory takes into account linear absorption (or gain) in the medium and is applied to study the threshold behavior of phase-conjugate oscillators. For the special case of no conventional mirrors, the phase-conjugate oscillator reduces to an ordinary phase-conjugate mirror, and our general formulation yields the results of previous studies. Our analysis shows that the parametric gain required for oscillation increases (or decreases) as a result of linear absorption (or gain) in the medium, and oscillation can occur at a frequency different from that of the pump beams in the presence of large linear gain (or loss). The effects of linear absorption (or gain) on the filter operation are also examined.
The nature of the fringe pattern produced by interference between a wave incident upon a phase-conjugate mirror and that leaving the mirror has been studied experimentally for a phase-conjugate mirror based on degenerate four-wave mixing. The fringe locations are found to depend on the phase of the wave incident upon the mirror, in agreement with recent theoretical predictions but in contrast to the results observed for the interference pattern produced on reflection at an ordinary metal mirror. The phases of the waves that pump the phase-conjugate mirror are shown to provide the reference with respect to which the phase of the incident wave is determined.