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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Reshaping ultrashort light pulses in resonant photonic crystals

Ji Zhao, Juntao Li, Huiguo Shao, Jiwen Wu, Jianying Zhou, Kam Sing Wong

Published Aug 31, 2006• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Ultrashort light pulses propagating through a resonant photonic crystal can be reshaped to shorter duration output through self-induced transparency. The reshaping process is shown to result from the unique transmission behavior of light pulses through the photonic structure. Pulse compression and pulse merging, with which multipeak optical pulses can be evolved to give rise to a single-peak, high-quality transmitted pulse output, are obtained. The pulse propagation in a resonant photonic crystal is compared with that in a bulk atomic medium, which shows that the effect of pulse reshaping is much more powerful in the former than in the latter.

DOI
10.1364/josab.23.001981

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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•Feb 21, 1975•10 citations
Ultrashort light pulses propagating through a resonant photonic crystal can be reshaped to shorter duration output through self-induced transparency. The reshaping process is shown to result from the unique transmission behavior of light pulses through the photonic structure. Pulse compression and pulse merging, with which multipeak optical pulses can be evolved to give rise to a single-peak, high-quality transmitted pulse output, are obtained. The pulse propagation in a resonant photonic crystal is compared with that in a bulk atomic medium, which shows that the effect of pulse reshaping is much more powerful in the former than in the latter.
We investigate the response of photonic crystal (PC) atoms with Kerr nonlinearity to the excitation of ultrashort optical pulses. Surprisingly, it is found that PC atoms with sharp resonant peaks in frequency spectrum (or with large quality factors) can respond to ultrashort pulses very rapidly when Kerr nonlinearity is introduced. More interestingly, the response time under high-power densities can be even shorter than the duration of the pump pulse. It is revealed that the nonlinearity induced broadening of dynamical frequency spectrum is responsible for the ultrafast response time, implying the possibility of ultrafast all-optical switching.
An ultrashort weak pulse that propagates resonantly on the $\ensuremath{\mid}a⟩\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mid}b⟩$ transition of a three-level system $(\ensuremath{\mid}a⟩,\ensuremath{\mid}b⟩,\ensuremath{\mid}c⟩)$ experiences reshaping effects on a time scale longer than its duration. When a strong field is applied (nonresonantly) on the $\ensuremath{\mid}b⟩\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mid}c⟩$ transition, important light shifts are induced. We have theoretically studied the novel behavior of both the medium and weak propagating laser pulses in such conditions. For the transmitted field profile, drastic changes occur: at long times, efficient reduction of the distortion is obtained, while strong oscillations appear for short times, mapping out the dynamical light shift. These shaping effects, which are accompanied by new features in the spectrum for the propagating pulse, are interpreted as the result of the interference between incident field and induced dipole radiated field, whose frequency sweeps in time because of the induced light shift.
We consider propagation of light pulses detuned from the atomic resonance in a dense two-level medium and the photonic structures with it. The large density of the medium is important for decreasing the spatial scale of nonlinear effects such as pulse compression, though it does not provide any fundamentally new phenomena as compared to dilute media. Frequency detuning decreases the effectivity of nonlinear phenomena such as pulse compression and dispersion-spreading compensation as well. We propose simple logic gates based on interaction between two pulses in one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal. We found that frequency detuning is necessary to obtain ultrafast AND gates, while OR and NOT gates can be realized in the system without detuning.
Photonic crystals doped with resonant atoms allow for uniquely advantageous nonlinear modes of optical propagation. The first type of mode is self-induced transparency (SIT) solitons and multidimensional localized “bullets” propagating at photonic-bandgap frequencies. Such modes can exist even at ultraweak intensities (few photons) and therefore differ substantially either from solitons in Kerr-nonlinear photonic crystals or from SIT solitons in uniform media. The second type of mode is cross coupling between pulses exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency and SIT gap solitons. We show that extremely strong correlations (giant cross-phase modulation) can be formed between the two pulses. These features may find applications in high-fidelity classical and quantum optical communications.
For pt.I see ibid., vol.8, no.3, 339 (1975). The transient behaviour of two short optical pulses in two-photon coherent propagation is obtained by calculating numerically the coherent propagation equations which couple the two electromagnetic pulses and the atomic system in self-consistent fashion. The coherent interaction of the two different frequency pulses gives rise to lossless propagation in the absorptive medium. This description is characterized by a two-photon area theorem. Novel coherent propagation effects of peak amplification and multiple pulse breakup are found. These effects are ascribed to two-photon self-induced transparency analogous to that of a one-photon transition in a two-level system. A difference of input intensity between the two different frequency pulses yields curious modulation effects involving sharp peak amplification and marked pulse breakup for the low-intensity input. In contrast, the high-intensity input pulse displays a smooth variation with distance and time. Low-loss pulse transmission above threshold, and pulse advance and delay are found for the present case in contrast to that for one-photon self-induced transparency.