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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Weak-field photon antibunching and laser statistics

K. Wódkiewicz

Published Aug 14, 1981• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The authors show that additional contributions, which depend on the spectral width of the driving laser in weak-field resonance fluorescence, have nothing to do with the boson character of the photon. Simple calculations show that these different contributions can be associated with different models of the density matrix of the laser pump, but not with the indistinguishability of light quanta as has been argued in recent publications.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/14/15/011

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The authors show that additional contributions, which depend on the spectral width of the driving laser in weak-field resonance fluorescence, have nothing to do with the boson character of the photon. Simple calculations show that these different contributions can be associated with different models of the density matrix of the laser pump, but not with the indistinguishability of light quanta as has been argued in recent publications.
Antibunching phenomena have been extensively discussed previously (1979) in the case of an intense driving field. Previously the intensity correlation function has been obtained in the so-called weak-field case by a limiting procedure. The author gives a description of weak light beams from a general light scattering point of view which has not been given previously. He shows that some specific phenomena like the indistinguishability of the photons or the wavepacket structure of the weak light beam have been neglected in earlier works by the use of their limiting procedure. He describes the scatterer rigorously, so the dynamical evolution is not restricted to the particular case of two-level atoms as in all previous work. Even with weak fields and a two-level system his result exhibits a supplementary contribution associated with the boson character of the photon. In addition the theory is extended to cover near-resonant phenomena.
We suggest that the statistical properties of the scattered radiation in resonance-fluorescence experiments may be affected significantly by the existence of atomic correlations. The scattered light spectrum from two- and three-atom collective systems has been calculated and compared with the one-atom spectrum. The differences are quite significant for weak fields, but become less pronounced as the intensity of the driving field is increased. In addition, we have calculated the scattered intensity correlation function for collectively interacting systems, and found that its behavior is very different from that of the single-atom intensity correlation function, both for weak and strong incident fields. The implications of our findings for the observation of photon antibunching are also discussed.
We study the correlation between photons in the fluorescence light scattered from an atom driven by an intense bichromatic field having one strong and one weak component, with or without the use of frequency filters in front of the photodetectors. Depending on the filters used and on the spectral components selected, we predict signals corresponding either to bunching or to antibunching, and modulations at the driving field Rabi frequencies as well as at their sum and difference. In contrast with the case of monochromatic driving, the antibunching can occur between photons emitted into different (as well as the same) lines of the fluorescence spectrum.
Spectral filtering of resonance fluorescence is widely employed to improve single photon purity and indistinguishability by removing unwanted backgrounds. For filter bandwidths approaching the emitter linewidth, complex behavior is predicted due to preferential transmission of components with differing photon statistics. We probe this regime using a Purcell-enhanced quantum dot in both weak and strong excitation limits, finding excellent agreement with an extended sensor theory model. By changing only the filter width, the photon statistics can be transformed between antibunched, bunched, or Poissonian. Our results verify that strong antibunching and a subnatural linewidth cannot simultaneously be observed, providing new insight into the nature of coherent scattering.