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Information Sciences

Partial correlations in multipartite quantum systems

Zhihua Guo, Huaixin Cao, Shixian Qu

Published Aug 19, 2014• 19 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.ins.2014.08.029

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Partial transposition of state operator is a well-known tool to detect quantum correlations between two parts of a composite system. In this paper, the global partial transpose (GPT) is linked to conceptually multipartite underlying structures in a state---the negativity fonts. If KKK-way negativity fonts with nonzero determinants exist, then selective partial transposition of a pure state, involving KKK of the NNN qubits ($K\ensuremath{\leqslant}N$), yields an operator with negative eigenvalues, identifying KKK-body correlations in the state. Expansion of GPT in terms of KKK-way partially transposed (KPT) operators reveals the nature of intricate intrinsic correlations in the state. Classification criteria for multipartite entangled states based on the underlying structure of global partial transpose of canonical state are proposed. The number of NNN-partite entanglement types for an NNN-qubit system is found to be ${2}^{N\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{-}N+2$, while the number of major entanglement classes is ${2}^{N\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{-}1$. Major classes for three- and four-qubit states are listed. Subclasses are determined by the number and type of negativity fonts in canonical states.
Certifying genuine multipartite entanglement in quantum systems can require a number of measurements that grows exponentially with the system size. Here we introduce a criterion based on correlation-tensor subsector lengths restricted to local measurement planes and show that it can be evaluated using partially randomized measurements without an explicit exponential dependence on the number of qubits. We derive the corresponding bounds for kkk-separable states and illustrate the criterion using representative families of multipartite entangled states. Finally, we demonstrate the practical applicability of the method on an ion-trap quantum computer by certifying genuine five-partite entanglement.