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International School on Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter (SSPCM)

TOWARDS A GENERAL SOLUTION OF THE LINEAR HEISENBERG PROBLEM

W.J. Caspers, Tadeusz Lulek, Barbara Lulek, M. Kuzma, A. WAL

Published Jul 1, 2003• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The construction of a complete set of stationary states of the linear Heisenberg system with periodic boundary conditions (rings) has been a topic of intensive research for many decades. Many eminent theoreticians have made their contribution to this joint eort, but we should mention in the rst place the epoch-making work of Bethe 1 and Hulthen. 5 Their work is the basis of many papers on this topic that have appeared during the past 70 years. We do no have the intention to give a complete survey of all this work but we will try to indicate that especially an asymptotic approach starting from the Hypothesis of Strings gives the prospect of a general and complete solution of the Heisenberg chain.

DOI
10.1142/9789812704474_0018

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The construction of a complete set of stationary states of the linear Heisenberg system with periodic boundary conditions (rings) has been a topic of intensive research for many decades. Many eminent theoreticians have made their contribution to this joint eort, but we should mention in the rst place the epoch-making work of Bethe 1 and Hulthen. 5 Their work is the basis of many papers on this topic that have appeared during the past 70 years. We do no have the intention to give a complete survey of all this work but we will try to indicate that especially an asymptotic approach starting from the Hypothesis of Strings gives the prospect of a general and complete solution of the Heisenberg chain.
Abstract. In this work we formulate the standard form of the solutions of the Heisenberg chain with periodic boundary conditions and show that these solutions can be transformed into the well-known Bethe-Hulthén solutions. The standard form is found by solving the secular problem, separated according to the irreducible representations of the translation group. The relevant parameters exp(ik j) of the Bethe-Hulthén solutions are found from a set of linear equations with coefficients derived from the standard solutions. This correspondence between standard and Bethe-Hulthén solutions realizes the completeness of the Bethe-Hulthén method. 1.
We investigate solutions to the Bethe equations for the isotropic S = 1/2 Heisenberg chain involving complex, string-like rapidity configurations of arbitrary length. Going beyond the traditional string hypothesis of undeformed strings, we describe a general procedure to construct eigenstates including strings with generic deformations, discuss general features of these solutions and provide a number of explicit examples including complete solutions for all wavefunctions of short chains. We finally investigate some singular cases and show from simple symmetry arguments that their contribution to zero-temperature correlation functions vanishes.
We consider the Bethe equations for the isotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg quantum spin chain with periodic boundary conditions. We formulate a conjecture for the number of solutions with pairwise distinct roots of these equations, in terms of numbers of so-called singular (or exceptional) solutions. Using homotopy continuation methods, we find all such solutions of the Bethe equations for chains of length up to 14. The numbers of these solutions are in perfect agreement with the conjecture. We also discuss an indirect method of finding solutions of the Bethe equations by solving the Baxter T-Q equation. We briefly comment on implications for thermodynamical computations based on the string hypothesis.