Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Saturation of multistate atoms

Juha Javanainen

Published Apr 1, 1993• 13 citations

Abstract

Position-averaged excited-state fraction as a function of laser intensity is computed for several angular-momentum degenerate atomic transitions for the lin ‖ lin optical molasses and the magnetic molasses trap field with either fixed or random temporal phases. The results are summarized in a concise, accurate functional form with three fitted parameters.

DOI: 10.1364/josab.10.000572

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Saturation of multistate atoms

Juha Javanainen

Published Apr 1, 1993• 13 citations

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1364/josab.10.000572

Related papers

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{)}^{1/2}

-1/2\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.78 vibrational quanta above the zero-point energy.

J=2

, starting from

J=0

. We offer an interpretation, from three different perspectives, of the subsequent characterization procedure.

Deep laser cooling of

^{24}\mathrm{Mg}

atoms has been theoretically studied. We propose a two-stage sub-Doppler cooling strategy using electrodipole transition $3\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{3}{P}_{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{3}{D}_{3}$ ($\ensuremath{\lambda}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}383.8$ nm). The first stage implies exploiting magneto-optical trap with ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ light beams, while at the second stage lin $\ensuremath{\perp}$ lin molasses is used. We focus on achieving a large number of ultracold atoms (${T}_{\mathrm{eff}}<10 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$) in a cold-atomic cloud. The calculations have been based on quantum treatment, taking into full account the recoil effect and beyond many widely used approximations. Steady-state values of average kinetic energy and linear momentum distributions of cold atoms have been analyzed for various light-field intensities and frequency detunings. The results of conducted quantum analysis have been significantly different from the results achieved under a semiclassical approximation based on the Fokker-Planck equation. The second cooling stage allows achieving sufficiently lower kinetic energies of the atomic cloud as well as increased fraction of ultracold atoms at certain conditions compared to the first one. We hope that the obtained results can help in overcoming current experimental problems in deep cooling of

^{24}\mathrm{Mg}

atoms by means of laser field. Cold magnesium atoms cooled in a large amount to several $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ are of huge interest to, for example, quantum metrology and to other many-body cold-atoms physics.