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Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer

Kinetic and spectral descriptions of polarized atomic radiative emission from plasmas

V. L. Jacobs

Published May 27, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.025

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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics•Feb 1, 2008•0 citations
New interesting effects arise, when three-level atoms interact with the plasma, laser field, or a heat bath. If the atoms inside the plasma are excited by the polarized laser pulse or an electron beam, the line wings of the radiation are completely polarized, while the line core is only partially polarized. The Einstein coefficients are generalized to the case, when the atomic decay channels are subject to quantum interference. Such atoms may develop nonzero quantum coherence between upper levels, if they are in contact with the heat bath in thermal equilibrium. This coherency changes the emissivity of the medium and hence can be experimentally observed. In the case when three-level atoms interact with the laser field, spontaneous emission can be suppressed over the whole frequency spectrum.
A density-matrix approach has been developed for the angular distribution and polarization of radiative emission during single-photon atomic transitions for a general set of steady-state excitation processes in an arbitrary arrangement of static (or quasistatic) electric and magnetic fields. Particular attention has been directed at spectroscopic observations in the intense fields of the high-power ion diodes on the Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II (PBFA II) and SABRE devices at Sandia National Laboratories and at magnetic-field measurements in tokamak plasmas. The field-dependent atomic eigenstates are represented as expansions in a complete basis set of field-free bound and continuum eigenstates. Particular emphasis has been given to directed-electron collisional excitations, which may be produced by an anisotropic incident-electron velocity distribution. We have allowed for the possibility of the coherent excitation of the nearly degenerate field-dependent atomic substates, which can give rise to a complex spectral pattern of overlapping Stark-Zeeman components. Coherent excitations may be produced by a beam of electrons that are spin-polarized at an angle with respect to the propagation direction or by nonparallel electric and magnetic fields. Our main result is a general expression for the matrix elements of the photon-polarization density operator representing the total intensity, angular distribution, and polarization of the atomic radiative emission. For the observation of radiative emission in the direction of the magnetic field, the detection of linearly polarized emission, in addition to the usual circularly polarized radiation, can reveal the presence of a perpendicular electric field or a coherent excitation mechanism.
It is shown that spectral filtration of a significant fraction of radiation of a resonantly fluorescing atom changes its kinetics. The effect of a spectral observation event on the behavior of an atom is demonstrated by two examples: localization of an atom at its flight through a region occupied by a standing light wave and translatory dynamics of an atom at its motion along a standing light wave. In the first case, localization probabilities are calculated in the absence of spontaneous emission events and for one photoemission event. The arising distribution over the atomic momentum, which is sensitive to spectral filtration, is also calculated for one photoemission event. In the second example, it is shown that spectral filtration of spontaneous emission leads to the occurrence of an anomalous additive to the force acting on an atom in the standing-wave field.