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Le Journal de Physique Colloques

OPTOGALVANIC DETECTION OF OPTICAL PUMPING

M. Pinard, Lucile Julien

Published Nov 1, 1983• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We have used an optogalvanic method to detect observables induced by optical pumping in metastable states of neon. As with optical methods signals are obtained due to electronic and nuclear orientation or alignment. Different mechanisms are discussed from which optogalvanic signals related to non-scalar observables may originate. Profiles obtained from frequency sweeps of two polarisation-modulated counterpropagating pump beams indicate the dominant mechanism is a second-order pumping effect which induces a modulated depletion of the metastable state.

DOI
10.1051/jphyscol:1983711

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We have used an optogalvanic method to detect observables induced by optical pumping in metastable states of neon. As with optical methods signals are obtained due to electronic and nuclear orientation or alignment. Different mechanisms are discussed from which optogalvanic signals related to non-scalar observables may originate. Profiles obtained from frequency sweeps of two polarisation-modulated counterpropagating pump beams indicate the dominant mechanism is a second-order pumping effect which induces a modulated depletion of the metastable state.
Reports the optogalvanic detection of observables induced by optical pumping in metastable states of neon. As with optical methods signals are obtained which are related to electronic and nuclear orientation or alignment. Many optical pumping experiments may thus be performed using optogalvanic techniques, including the Hanle effect and 'velocity selective optical pumping' described. Different mechanisms are discussed from which optogalvanic signals related to non-scalar observables may originate. Profiles obtained from frequency sweeps of two polarisation-modulated counterpropagating pump beams indicate the dominant mechanism is a second-order pumping effect which induces a modulated depletion of the metastable state. No effect has been observed arising from a variation of the Penning collision cross section when the two metastable colliding atoms are oriented. The analogy between signals produced by optogalvanic and optical methods are pointed out.
We describe a spectroscopic method combining saturated absorption and Zeeman optical pumping. A weak expanded monochromatic laser beam creates a velocity-correlated orientation in an atomic level without optical saturation. A polarization-modulated counterpropagating detection beam provides signals related to simple atomic observables. Combination with magnetic resonance techniques is described. We have applied this method to metastable states of Ne, with nuclear or electronic orientation. Effects of velocity-changing, depolarization (Kastler- or Dehmelt-type pumping) or metastability exchange collisions are discussed.
The authors have analysed the optical double resonance signal to second order in the modulation of the amplitudes of the two lasers at high intensities. Resonant modulation in the populations of the upper level of the transitions are induced at the effective Rabi frequency alpha 0 , whenever the modulation frequencies themselves or a combination of them becomes equal to O, +or- alpha 0 , +or-2 alpha 0 . It is proposed that by performing experiments similar to those done by Miyazaki et al such Rabi resonances in the populations of the levels may be detected by optogalvanic technique-i.e., by monitoring the oscillations in the current or the voltage at the sum or the difference of the modulation frequencies of the two lasers.
We consider optical pumping with a quasi monochromatic tunable light beam, in the low intensity limit where a rate equation regime is obtained The velocity selective optical pumping (V.S.O.P.) introduces a correlation between atomic velocity and internal variables in the ground (or metastable) state. The aim of this article is to evaluate these atomic observables (orientation, alignment, population) as a function of velocity, using a phenomenological description of the relaxation effect of collisions. The V.S.O.P. line shapes, obtained by scanning the pumping beam frequency and using a counterpropagating detection beam with the same frequency, are given in various circumstances. The combination of V.S.O.P. with modulated pumping, magnetic resonance, and level crossing methods is considered; the corresponding line shapes can provide useful information on the relaxation characteristics, such as collision rates and kernels.
Optical pumping performed with a quasi monochromatic laser beam in an atomic gas introduces a redistribution of Zeeman populations selectively in a single velocity class. In the limit of low pumping intensity the rate theory is valid for a description of velocity-selective optical pumping (V.S.O.P.). Well-defined atomic observables (population, orientation, alignment) and their velocity-correlated collisional relaxation can be studied. Also, a modified scheme for the detection of second order effects of optical pumping allows one to observe light shift induced signals. In particular, V.S.O.P. and its combination with modulated pumping, magnetic depolarization (level crossing), and magnetic resonance techniques provide information about the atomic collision characteristics such as collision rates and kernels for velocity-changing collisions.