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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in calcium - theory and experiment

G. S. Agarwal, P. Anantha Lakshmi, J P Connerade, Stuart West

Published Dec 28, 1997• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Theoretical and experimental studies of nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in the principal series of calcium are reported. These are believed to be the first experiments on high magnetic field Faraday rotation (defined as achieving rotation angles of the order of or more) in which the nonlinear optical regime has been entered by using laser fields. The present theory is valid both in the linear and nonlinear domains and our theoretical predictions which take into account propagation effects agree very well with experimental results over the entire range of laser strengths.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/30/24/028

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Theoretical and experimental studies of nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in the principal series of calcium are reported. These are believed to be the first experiments on high magnetic field Faraday rotation (defined as achieving rotation angles of the order of or more) in which the nonlinear optical regime has been entered by using laser fields. The present theory is valid both in the linear and nonlinear domains and our theoretical predictions which take into account propagation effects agree very well with experimental results over the entire range of laser strengths.
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Nonlinear in laser power, near-resonant light-atom interaction leads to a number of spectacular modifications of a well-known effect -polarization plane rotation in a magnetic field applied along the direction of light propagation.In particular, the rotation can be enhanced by up to nine orders of magnitude compared to the linear case.Faraday effect [ 1 ] is the rotation of the plane of linear light polarization by a medium in a magnetic field applied in the direction of light propagation.In 1898, Macaluso and Corbino eJ, studying absorption spectra of the alkali atoms in the presence of magnetic fields, discovered that the Faraday effect in the vicinity of resonance absorption lines also had a distinct resonant character.The essence of the Macaluso-Corbino effect can be illustrated by considering a simple case of a F= 1 ~ F'=O transition (Fig. 1 ).Linearly polarized light incident on the sample can be resolved into two counter-rotating circular components ( cr~.In the absence of a magnetic field, the M=±l sublevels are degenerate and the optical resonance
Larmor precession of laser-polarized atoms contained in antirelaxation-coated cells, detected via nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR), is a promising technique for a new generation of ultrasensitive atomic magnetometers. For magnetic fields directed along the light propagation direction, resonances in NMOR appear when linearly polarized light is frequency or amplitude modulated at twice the Larmor frequency. Because the frequency of these resonances depends on the magnitude but not the direction of the field, they are useful for scalar magnetometry. Additional NMOR resonances at the Larmor frequency appear when the magnetic field is tilted away from the light propagation direction in the plane defined by the light propagation and polarization vectors. These resonances, studied both experimentally and with a density matrix calculation in the present work, offer a convenient method of achieving additional information about a direction of the magnetic field.