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Chinese Physics Letters

Experimental Improvement of Signal of a Single Laser-Cooled Trapped 40 Ca + Ion

Shu Hua-Lin, Bin Guo, Guan Hua, Liu Qu, Huang Xue-Ren, Kelin Gao

Published May 1, 2007• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A single 40 Ca + ion is loaded in a miniature Paul trap and the probability of directly loading a single ion is above 50%. The signal-to-noise ratio and the storage time for a single ion have been improved by minimizing the ion micromotion and locking a 397 nm cooling laser to a Fabry–Perot interferometer and optogalvanic signal. From the fluorescence spectrum, the ion temperature is estimated to be about 5 mK.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/24/5/025

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Chinese Physics Letters•Jan 1, 2006•2 citations
A single 40 Ca + ion is loaded in a miniature Paul trap and the probability of directly loading a single ion is above 50%. The signal-to-noise ratio and the storage time for a single ion have been improved by minimizing the ion micromotion and locking a 397 nm cooling laser to a Fabry–Perot interferometer and optogalvanic signal. From the fluorescence spectrum, the ion temperature is estimated to be about 5 mK.
The experimental study at Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics (WIPM), Chinese Academy of Scienses (CAS) on the precision spetroscopy based on single trapped Ca+ ion is described in this paper. A single Ca+ ion is trapped in a miniature Paul trap and laser cooled to Lamb-Dicke regime, and the ion can be trapped more than 2 months. The linewidth of the 729 nm laser for probing the Ca+ 4s2S1/2-3d2D5/2 clock transition is reduced to lessthan 1 Hz by locked to a super cavity, and the 729 nm laser can be locked more than 1 month continuously. Two similar Ca + ion optical frequency standards are set up for frequency comparison. The systematic uncertainty is evaluated to be <6 ´ 10−17 for both ftrquency standards. The frequency difference of two frequency standards is measured to be 3.0 (5.5) ´ 10−17 within 42 d. The Allan deviation for a single clock is measured to be 1×10−14τ−1/2 with a 3-d-continuous comparison, the stability for a reaches 7 ´ 10−17 at an averaging time of 20000 s. Meanwhile, the absolute frequency of the Ca+ 4s2S1/2-3d2D5/2 clock transition is measured to be 411042129776401.7(1.1) Hz with respect to the SI second through the Global Positioning System (GPSx). The precision spectroscopy experiments are carried out based on the single Ca+ ion system. The magic wavelengths for the Ca+ optical frequency standardare measured to be λ|mj|=1/2=395.7992(7) nm and λ|mj|=3/2=395.7990(7) nm, which agrees with theoretical calculation made by Tang et al. The lifetime of the 3d2D5/2 is measured to be 1174(10) ms, which is agree with the experimental measurement made by University of Oxford and University of Innsbruck and the recent theoretical calculation made by Sahoo.
We have fabricated a miniature three-segment linear Paul trap with r 0=0.6 mm and 2Z 0=4 mm. In order to perform quantum-state manipulation of trapped 40 Ca+ ions, we discuss the required harmonic oscillation frequencies which allow us to perform effective sideband cooling and have measured those that depend on the dimensions of the trap. A laser beam that has a component in the radial direction of the linear trap as well as that propagating along the trap axis has been used to detect the fluorescence spectra of the 42 S 1/2–42 P 1/2 transition. We have observed that the profile of the fluorescence spectrum obtained with the side laser beam is markedly different from that obtained with the axial laser beam due to micromotion. By applying additional DC voltages, the micromotion has been compensated, its amplitude has been estimated, and crystallization has been observed for two 40 Ca+ and four 40 Ca+ ions.
Singly ionized mercury ions have been stored in a miniature rf (Paul) quadruple ion trap and observed by means of resonance fluorescence. The trap electrode spacings (~0.5 mm) and rf voltage (~500 V at 20 MHz) were chosen1 so that the Lamb-Dicke criterion could be satisfied for optical transitions on a single-laser-cooled ion. The presence of a single ion was determined by a statistical loading method2; that is, the loading conditions were scaled down to a point where only occasionally would any fluorescence be observed after a loading cycle. With high probability, this fluorescence was due to a single ion. The fluorescence observed was due to spontaneous scattering from a 194-nm cw source (~3-μW power focused to a beam waist of ~20 μm) directed at the ion and tuned near the strongly allowed first resonance line.