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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Classical Heisenberg ferromagnetic chain with long-range interactions: A spectral density approach

A. Cavallo, F. Cosenza, L. De Cesare

Published Nov 27, 2002• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The thermodynamic properties of a classical spin-$S$ Heisenberg ferromagnetic chain with long-range interactions in the presence of an external magnetic field are investigated by means of the spectral density method within the framework of the two-time Green's functions in classical statistical mechanics. For exchange interactions decaying as ${r}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}},$ it is shown that long-range order exists at finite temperature for $1<\ensuremath{\alpha}<2$ and that no transition to a ferromagnetic phase at any finite temperature occurs for $\ensuremath{\alpha}>~2,$ consistently with a recent extension of the Mermin-Wagner theorem to spin models with long-range interactions. Besides, by means of a suitable modification of the lowest-order moment equations for the spectral density, the critical temperature and the main critical exponents for $1<\ensuremath{\alpha}<2$ and the low-temperature behavior of the paramagnetic susceptibility for $\ensuremath{\alpha}>~2$ are also obtained. Our results appear in a reasonable agreement with the available exact ones and Monte Carlo calculations.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.66.174439

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In this article we review a less known unperturbative and powerful many-body method in the framework of classical statistical mechanics and then we show how it works by means of explicit calculations for a nontrivial classical model. The formalism of two-time Green functions in classical statistical mechanics is presented in a form parallel to the well known quantum counterpart, focusing on the spectral properties which involve the important concept of spectral density. Furthermore, the general ingredients of the classical spectral density method (CSDM) are presented with insights for systematic nonperturbative approximations to study conveniently the macroscopic properties of a wide variety of classical many-body systems also involving phase transitions. The method is implemented by means of key ideas for exploring the spectrum of elementary excitations and the damping effects within a unified formalism. Then, the effectiveness of the CSDM is tested with explicit calculations for the classical ddd-dimensional spin-SSS Heisenberg ferromagnetic model with long-range exchange interactions decaying as r−pr^{-p}r−p (p>dp>dp>d) with distance rrr between spins and in the presence of an external magnetic field. The analysis of the thermodynamic and critical properties, performed by means of the CSDM to the lowest order of approximation, shows clearly that nontrivial results can be obtained in a relatively simple manner already to this lower stage. The basic spectral density equations for the next higher order level are also presented and the damping of elementary spin excitations in the low temperature regime is studied. The results appear in reasonable agreement with available exact ones and Monte Carlo simulations and this supports the CSDM as a promising method of investigation in classical many-body theory.
We formulate the spectral-density method in classical statistical mechanics in strict analogy with the known quantum version, and we apply it to the classical Heisenberg ferromagnetic model in an external field. A new formula for the magnetization in the classical formulation of spin-vector Green functions is derived for arbitrary spatial dimensionality. Furthermore, the static properties of the one- and three-dimensional cases are considered in detail. We obtain accurate results over a wide range of temperatures with the external field for the one-dimensional model and without field for the three-dimensional model. In the first case very good agreement with the exact numerical transfer-matrix data is also found in the region of higher temperature where the interacting-boson approach fails. In particular the zero-field susceptibility results are found to be consistent with the exact results obtained by Fisher.
Within a random phase approximation,the quantum Heisenberg ferromagnetic chain with long-range interaction proportional to r-p was studied by Green-function method.The results indicated that for exchange interaction decaying as r-p for 1p2,there existed a phase transition at finite temperature,and that no transition to a ferromagnetic phase at any finite temperature occurs for p≥2.The results are reasonable agreement with those of the Monte Carlo calculations and the other theoretical approaches.
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