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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Spin polarization of the current in a correlated one-dimensional conductor with an impurity

Sergey N. Artemenko, R. R. Vakhitov, S. V. Remizov

Published Oct 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The spin transport as the current flows through an impurity in a one-dimensional conductor is analyzed. The interacting electrons are described in terms of the Luttinger liquid theory. Both the Coulomb and short-range interactions are considered; the latter appears when the gate screens the long-range part of the Coulomb potential. The cases of magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities are considered. It has been revealed that, for a magnetic impurity, the electric current flow induces the generation of the spin current, which has direct and alternating components. At low temperatures and voltages, the current can be completely spin-polarized. For a nonmagnetic impurity, the spin current generation is absent. The spin current flowing though the wire affects the current-voltage characteristic for both magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities. The results have been obtained for a rather strong electron-electron interaction.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364011160028

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The spin transport as the current flows through an impurity in a one-dimensional conductor is analyzed. The interacting electrons are described in terms of the Luttinger liquid theory. Both the Coulomb and short-range interactions are considered; the latter appears when the gate screens the long-range part of the Coulomb potential. The cases of magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities are considered. It has been revealed that, for a magnetic impurity, the electric current flow induces the generation of the spin current, which has direct and alternating components. At low temperatures and voltages, the current can be completely spin-polarized. For a nonmagnetic impurity, the spin current generation is absent. The spin current flowing though the wire affects the current-voltage characteristic for both magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities. The results have been obtained for a rather strong electron-electron interaction.
The spin Coulomb drag is a distinctive feature of spin-polarized transport. The current of majority spins can induce a current of minority-spin carriers via the transconductivity. The friction is caused by the Coulomb interaction between up and down spin. This interaction reduces the current but does not change the spin polarization. We calculate the conductivities and the transconductivity for a spin-polarized interacting one-dimensional electron gas with nonmagnetic impurities using the Kubo formalism. Due to the Luttinger-liquid properties, the temperature dependence of the transport correlation functions follow power laws of TTT with nonuniversal exponents.
We study theoretically electronic transport through an isolated local defect in a 1D conductor described in terms of the Luttinger liquid, and show that the well-known tunneling regime of electronic transport leading to power-law I-V curves takes place only in the limit of small voltage. At voltages exceeding a threshold value a new dynamic regime of transport starts in which the DC current induces AC oscillations of frequency f = /e. In gated quantum wires where interaction between electrons is short-ranged, generation linewidth is small provided the inter-electronic repulsion is strong enough, otherwise a wide-band noise is generated. In case of long-range Coulomb interaction generation is coherent at any interaction strength. The effect is related to interaction of the current with Friedel oscillations of the electronic density around the impurity. Manifestations of the effect resemble the Coulomb blockade and the Josephson effect. Oscillations of the electric current are accompanied by spin current oscillations. The results are related to semiconducting quantum wires, metallic atomic chains, carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoribbons and others.
The spin Coulomb drag is the decay of the spin current in a metal as a consequence of the Coulomb interaction between up- and down-spin carriers. This interaction reduces the spin current but does not change the spin-polarization. We calculate the critical exponents of the resistivity for up- and down-spin electrons and the transresistivity for the spin-polarized Hubbard chain with nonmagnetic impurities within the Kubo formalism using the Bethe ansatz solution and conformal invariance. Due to the Luttinger liquid properties the temperature dependence of the transport correlation functions follow power laws of TTT with nonuniversal exponents.
The electronic transport through a single impurity in a repulsive Luttinger liquid (LL) has been theoretically studied. It has been found that the direct current Ī above the threshold voltage related to the strength of the impurity potential is accompanied by coherent oscillations with frequency f = Ī / e . There is an analogy with the Josephson junctions: the well-known regime of the power-law I − V curves in the LL corresponds to the damping of the Josephson current below the critical one, while the oscillatory regime in the LL can be compared with the Josephson oscillations above the critical current.
The spin Coulomb drag is the decay of the spin current in a metal as a consequence of the Coulomb interaction between up- and down-spin carriers. This interaction reduces the spin current but does not change the spin-polarization. We calculate the critical exponents of the resistivity for up- and down-spin electrons and the transresistivity for the spin-polarized Hubbard chain with nonmagnetic impurities within the Kubo formalism using the Bethe ansatz solution and conformal invariance. Due to the Luttinger liquid properties the temperature dependence of the transport correlation functions follow power laws of TTT with nonuniversal exponents.