Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

New Journal of Physics

The role of the Kramers–Henneberger atom in the higher-order Kerr effect

Maria Richter, Serguei Patchkovskii, Felipe Morales, Olga V. Smirnova, Misha Ivanov

Published Aug 6, 2013• 63 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We discuss the connection between strong-field ionization, saturation of the Kerr response and the formation of the Kramers–Henneberger (KH) atom and long-living excitations in intense infrared (IR) external fields. We present a generalized model for the intensity-dependent response of atoms in strong IR laser fields, describing deviations in the nonlinear response at the frequency of the driving field from the standard model. We show that shaping the driving laser pulse allows one to reveal signatures of the excited KH states in the Kerr response of an individual atom.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/15/8/083012

Related papers

The role of the Kramers-Henneberger atom in the higher-order Kerr effect

S. Patchkovskii, Maria Richter, Felipe Morales +2 more

We present a generalized model for the intensity dependent response of atoms in strong IR laser fields, describing deviations in the nonlinear response at the frequency of the driving field from the standard model (linear Kerr effect + plasma defocusing) based on the formation of the stable KH states. According to our numerical simulations, shaping the driving laser pulse allows one to reveal a prominent resonance structure in the Kerr response of an individual atom, which can only be explained by population transfer into excited KH states.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•May 1, 2013•4 citations

Bound States Of A Free Electron: The Role Of The Kramers-Henneberger Atom In The Higher-Order Kerr Effect

Maria Richter, Serguei Patchkovskii, Felipe Morales Moreno +2 more

We discuss the connection between strong-field ionization, saturation of the Kerr response, and the formation of the Kramers-Henneberger (KH) atom and long-living excitations in intense external fields.

Research in Optical Sciences•Jan 1, 2014•1 citation

Imaging the Kramers-Henneberger Atom

Felipe Morales, Maria Richter, Serguei Patchkovskii +1 more

We provide a unified concept for understanding and imaging excited state dynamics in atoms and molecules in intense laser fields, including microscopic description of high order Kerr non-linearities and their role in laser filamentation.

Research in Optical Sciences•Jan 1, 2012•5 citations

STRONG-FIELD REGIMES OF PHOTOIONIZATION

Mikhail Vladimirovich Fedorov

The main known regimes of atom ionization by a strong laser field are reviewed: the Kramers–Henneberger (high-frequency) and interference stabilization of atoms, barrier-suppression ionization and the model of wave packet spreading. The physics and relations between them are discussed.

Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials•Oct 1, 1995•0 citations

Generalization of the Kerr effect for high intensity, ultrashort laser pulses

Muhammad Nurhuda, Akira Suda, Katsumi Midorikawa

We have investigated the nonlinear susceptibility of atoms induced by high intensity, ultrashort laser pulses using a numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We found that the instantaneous nonlinear susceptibility becomes saturated at high intensity. We also found that the saturation is closely linked to depletion of the ground state. Based on the numerical results, a simple model that generalizes the nonlinear susceptibility of atoms for high intensity, ultrashort laser pulses is proposed. We also investigated the ionization-induced dipole moment and found that the amplitude of the dipole moment induced by an ionized electron is, in general, smaller than that induced by a free-electron, and is attributable to a residual interaction between the ionized-electron and its parent ion.

New Journal of Physics•May 7, 2008•45 citations

SATURATION OF NONLINEAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

Muhammad Nurhuda, Akira Suda, Katsumi Midorikawa

The nonlinear susceptibility of atoms interacting with an intense laser field has been investigated using numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. It was found that the behavior of nonlinear susceptibility strongly depends on the intensity; it increases linearly in low intensity regime (Kerr nonlinearity), then saturates at higher intensity. Furthermore, it has also been found that the nonlinear susceptibility is substantially influenced by the onset of ionization.

Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials•Jun 1, 2004•14 citations
We discuss the connection between strong-field ionization, saturation of the Kerr response and the formation of the Kramers–Henneberger (KH) atom and long-living excitations in intense infrared (IR) external fields. We present a generalized model for the intensity-dependent response of atoms in strong IR laser fields, describing deviations in the nonlinear response at the frequency of the driving field from the standard model. We show that shaping the driving laser pulse allows one to reveal signatures of the excited KH states in the Kerr response of an individual atom.
We present a generalized model for the intensity dependent response of atoms in strong IR laser fields, describing deviations in the nonlinear response at the frequency of the driving field from the standard model (linear Kerr effect + plasma defocusing) based on the formation of the stable KH states. According to our numerical simulations, shaping the driving laser pulse allows one to reveal a prominent resonance structure in the Kerr response of an individual atom, which can only be explained by population transfer into excited KH states.
We have investigated the nonlinear susceptibility of atoms induced by high intensity, ultrashort laser pulses using a numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We found that the instantaneous nonlinear susceptibility becomes saturated at high intensity. We also found that the saturation is closely linked to depletion of the ground state. Based on the numerical results, a simple model that generalizes the nonlinear susceptibility of atoms for high intensity, ultrashort laser pulses is proposed. We also investigated the ionization-induced dipole moment and found that the amplitude of the dipole moment induced by an ionized electron is, in general, smaller than that induced by a free-electron, and is attributable to a residual interaction between the ionized-electron and its parent ion.