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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Absorption measurements of quadrupole transition probabilities 6S-nD in caesium vapour

B. Sayer, R Wang, J. C. Jeannet, Maria Paola Sassi

Published Apr 1, 1971• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Transition probabilities of the quadrupole transition 6S 1/2 -5D 3/2 , 5D 5/2 and 6D 5/2 in caesium have been measured by an absorption technique. Good agreement is found with theoretical values. The dependence of the absorption as a function of caesium pressure seems to indicate that these lines are appreciably pressure broadened. An estimation of the parameter gamma /N is given.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/4/4/028

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Journal de Physique Lettres•Jan 1, 1976•26 citations
Transition probabilities of the quadrupole transition 6S 1/2 -5D 3/2 , 5D 5/2 and 6D 5/2 in caesium have been measured by an absorption technique. Good agreement is found with theoretical values. The dependence of the absorption as a function of caesium pressure seems to indicate that these lines are appreciably pressure broadened. An estimation of the parameter gamma /N is given.
Applying the cw laser absorption and fluorescence method the cross sections for the fine-structure mixing and quenching of the caesium 5D J states have been measured in pure caesium vapour. Caesium atoms were optically excited to the 5D 5/2 state via the quadrupole-allowed 6S 1/2 →5D 5/2 transition. The ground-state caesium density N 0 , obtained from the absorption at the pumped quadrupole transition, and the fluorescence intensity I 689 of the sensitized 5D 3/2 →6S 1/2 emission were measured simultaneously in the range 3×10 14 cm -3 ⩽ N 0 ⩽1×10 16 cm -3 at constant temperature T = 585 K. It was found that the quantity N 0 2 / I 689 exhibited a parabolic dependence on N 0 , confirming that the quenching of the Cs 5D J states is due to collisions with Cs ground-state atoms, not molecules. The coefficients of the second-order polynomial fitted through the measured data yielded the cross sections σ 5/2→3/2 = (57±19)×10 -16 cm 2 and σ D = (35±10)×10 -16 cm 2 for the Cs 5D J fine-structure mixing and quenching, respectively, due to collisions with caesium ground-state atoms. Using recently calculated Cs*+Cs potentials we performed an analysis which shows good agreement between the measured values and the theoretical predictions.
In the two-photon ionisation of Cs atoms resonances may be expected which correspond to a quadrupole 6s-nd transition associated with the first photon. At the 6D 5/2 and 6D 3/2 resonances the ratio of photoionisation cross sections for circularly polarised and for linearly polarised light (ion asymmetry) and the spin polarisation of the photoelectrons ejected by circularly polarised light have been measured. The ratios of the radial transition matrix elements from the 6D to the epsilon P and epsilon F continuum states were derived from the experimental results.
The authors present experimental results on the ionisation probabilities of highly excited Rydberg S and D states of caesium in collisions with ground-state Cs atoms. The measurements were done in a thermionic diode using two-photon excitation of Rydberg states with principal quantum numbers in the range 18 to 60. Over the investigated range (0.17 to 12 mTorr) a simple exponential dependence of the ionisation probabilities on binding energy and pressure was found. The authors also measured the intensity ratios of the fine-structure doublets in 6S 1/2 to nD two-photon transitions and find good agreement with theoretical calculations. From the results they conclude that the collisional ionisation probabilities are independent of orbital and total angular momentum.
Applying the cw laser fluorescence method, the cross sections for the fine structure mixing and quenching of the Cs 6P state, induced by collisions with ground-state caesium atoms and molecules, have been measured. Caesium atoms were optically excited to the 5D J states via quadrupole-allowed 6S 1/2 5D J transitions, while the resonance states were populated by the radiative and collisional 5D J 6P J transitions. The relative populations of the Cs 6P J sublevels, as well as ratio of the 5D 3/2 to 6P 3/2 populations, were measured as a function of the caesium ground-state number density. From these measurements we obtained the cross section of (14±5) × 10 -16 cm 2 at T = 585 K for the process Cs(6P 1/2 ) Cs(6P 3/2 ) induced by collisions with ground-state caesium atoms. The applied experimental approach enabled the determination of the effective spontaneous rates for the 6P J states which are in agreement with the predictions of Holstein's theory. The cross sections for quenching of 6P J by caesium atoms and molecules were measured at T = 635 K and the obtained values are (1.6±1.4) × 10 -16 cm 2 and (1210±260) × 10 -16 cm 2 , respectively. Using recently calculated Cs*+Cs potentials we performed an analysis which shows a good agreement between the measured values and the theoretical estimates.
We report measurements of photoelectron angular distributions via electric quadrupole transitions in cesium atoms using multiphoton excitation techniques. Experimental results are presented for the cases of one-photon resonant, two-photon ionization via the 6d 2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2D3/2{D}_{3/2}D3/2​ and 6d 2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2D5/2{D}_{5/2}D5/2​ electric quadrupole transitions and for one-photon resonant, three-photon ionization via the 5d 2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2 D3/2{\mathrm{D}}_{3/2}D3/2​ and 5d 2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2D5/2{D}_{5/2}D5/2​ transitions. The ratios of the total ionization rates for linearly and circularly polarized light have also been measured for the 6d 2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2D3/2{\mathrm{D}}_{3/2}D3/2​ and 6d 2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2D5/2{D}_{5/2}D5/2​ states. A theoretical analysis and detailed comparison with the experimental results are given.
We report here the first observation and measurement of the transition magnetic moment for a strongly forbidden S-S transition of an alkali atom. By using single-photon excitation of the 6S1/2-7S1/2 caesium transition in a quasi-static electric field, we have detected an electronic polarization of the excited state, specific to an interference effect occurring in mixed electric magnetic dipole transitions. Our measurements, independent of the vapour density, indicate that the magnetic dipole amplitude M 1 has the same size as the electric dipole amplitude E1 , induced by an electric field, parallel to the light wave polarization, and equal to 2.62 ± 0.21 V/cm. We also obtain the relative sign of M 1 and E1. Using a theoretical value of E 1 and a well-defined phase convention, we deduce for the magnetic moment of the transition < 7S, 1/ 2 | μ z | 6S, 1/ 2 > = - (4.24 ± 0.34) 10-5 |μB|, in good agreement with a theoretical estimate. This result can also be expressed in terms of the oscillator strength in zero electric field f6S-7S = 4.05 × 10-15, or of the single-photon M1 decay rate Γ 7S-6S = 0.93 x 10-6 s-1.