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Applied Physics Letters

Rabi splitting and ac-Stark shift of a charged exciton

Martin Kroner, Christian Lux, Stefan Seidl, Alexander W. Holleitner, K. Karraï, A. Badolato, Pierre M. Petroff, R. J. Warburton

Published Jan 21, 2008• 36 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Rabi splitting of the negatively charged exciton in a single InGaAs quantum dot is observed in resonance transmission spectroscopy. We use a pump laser excitation to drive strongly the unpolarized trion transition in a quantum dot and detect its modified absorption spectrum with a second weak probe laser. By tuning the pump laser near resonance, we observe an ac-Stark effect dispersion, with a power dependent Rabi splitting on resonance, both signatures of a strongly coupled two level system. Although the pump and probe laser fields are resonant with the same transition, we do not observe all features in the Mollow spectrum. We combine the results of pump probe with saturation spectroscopy data to deduce the individual contributions to the low power linewidth.

DOI
10.1063/1.2837193

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The Rabi splitting of the negatively charged exciton in a single InGaAs quantum dot is observed in resonance transmission spectroscopy. We use a pump laser excitation to drive strongly the unpolarized trion transition in a quantum dot and detect its modified absorption spectrum with a second weak probe laser. By tuning the pump laser near resonance, we observe an ac-Stark effect dispersion, with a power dependent Rabi splitting on resonance, both signatures of a strongly coupled two level system. Although the pump and probe laser fields are resonant with the same transition, we do not observe all features in the Mollow spectrum. We combine the results of pump probe with saturation spectroscopy data to deduce the individual contributions to the low power linewidth.
Summary form only given. The occurrence of Rabi flopping in excitonic transitions of semiconductors demonstrate that an intense light field can induce a non-perturbative ac Stark effect despite the very fast excitation-induced dephasing. However the homogeneous broadening induced by the strong excitation prevented the observation in quantum wells of the spectral counterpart of Rabi oscillations in time, the ac Stark splitting. We report the evolution of the absorption spectrum of a specially designed single InGaAs quantum well as a function of the growing excitation density. The excitation is provided by a pulsed Ti:sapphire laser (100 fs of pulse duration) and the measurements are taken in a pump-probe geometry.
We investigate a singly charged quantum dot under a strong optical driving field by probing the system with a weak optical field. We observe all critical features predicted by Mollow for a strongly driven two-level atomic system in this solid state nanostructure, such as absorption, the ac-Stark effect, and optical gain. Our results demonstrate that even at high optical field strengths the electron in a single quantum dot with its dressed ground state and trion state behaves as a well-isolated two-level quantum system.
Abstract In this paper, we examine the three-level optical Stark effect of excitons in InGaAs/InAlAs quantum dots using renormalized wavefunction formulation. The system was assumed to be irradiated by two lasers in which a strong laser dynamically couples electron-quantized levels, while a weaker laser probes interband absorption. Our results show that, in the presence of the resonant strong laser, two new absorption peaks of excitons appear in the absorption spectrum as a clear indication of the effect. In addition, we propose that the formation of the effect in low-dimensional structures could have connection to the splitting of electron levels. Furthermore, we seek to explain the essential dependence of the amplitude and position of two peaks on pump field detuning.
We report the observation of dressed states of a quantum dot. The optically excited exciton and biexciton states of the quantum dot are coupled by a strong laser field and the resulting spectral signatures are measured using differential transmission of a probe field. We demonstrate that the anisotropic electron-hole exchange interaction induced splitting between the x- and y-polarized excitonic states can be completely erased by using the ac-Stark effect induced by the coupling field, without causing any appreciable broadening of the spectral lines. We also show that by varying the polarization and strength of a resonant coupling field, we can effectively change the polarization axis of the quantum dot.
Summary form only given. In the excitonic ac Stark shift in quantum wells the excitonic absorption line is blueshifted by shining on the sample an intense laser pulse, whose frequency is lower than the exciton transition frequency. The effect is bigger when the laser spectrum approaches the resonance with the excitonic absorption. But if the laser and excitonic absorption spectra sensibly overlap, a great amount of electronic population is excited and consequently the Coulomb nonlinearities due to the interaction between excited carries or excitons dramatically increase. One prominent effect under these conditions is the excitation- induced dephasing which can destroy the coherence of the electronic system and therefore the coupling between excitons and light, which is inherently coherent. Some evidence for the resonant Stark effect was already reported, but the direct observation of the spectral splitting was still missing. This observation demonstrates that the coherent exciton light coupling in semiconductors can be strong enough to survive the fast dephasing, and that therefore an efficient ultrafast manipulation of the exciton absorption in the coherent transient is possible. In order to magnify the ac Stark effect and its visibility a special sample was designed: a single In/sub 0.04/Ga/sub 0.96/As quantum well is grown on the top of an AlAs/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflector; two /spl lambda//2 spacers separate the quantum well from the mirror and from the air. In this configuration the light field incident on the sample and the one reflected by the mirror constructively interfere at the quantum well position, giving a high effective absorption.
Summary form only given.It is well known that a strongly driven transition exhibits a doublet splitting when probed by a weak field, commonly known as AC Stark splitting. It can be observed either by probing the driven two-level itself (Mollow-type spectrum) or via a third level (Autler-Townes-type spectrum). These two type splittings can have very different characteristics, particularly when driven resonantly. The absorptive Mollow spectrum consists of two dispersion-like features, whereas for the Autler-Townes spectrum there is a simple doublet splitting. In this paper we report the observation of both Mollow and Autler-Townes spectrum simultaneously by applying two strong driving fields in a three-level configuration.