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Physica B Condensed Matter

Macroscopic quantum mechanics: experiments on Josephson junctions

Vittorio Giulio Palmieri

Published Jul 1, 2000• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s0921-4526(99)02222-x

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Experiments to investigate the quantum behavior of a macroscopic degree of freedom, namely the phase difference across a Josephson tunnel junction, are described. The experiments involve measurements of the escape rate of the junction from its zero voltage state. Low temperature measurements of the escape rate for junctions that are either nearly undamped or moderately damped agree very closely with predictions for macroscopic quantum tunneling, with no adjustable parameters. Microwave spectroscopy reveals quantized energy levels in the potential well of the junction in excellent agreement with quantum-mechanical calculations. The system can be regarded as a "macroscopic nucleus with wires."
We have carried out systematic Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling (MQT) experiments on Nb/Al-AlO_x/Nb Josephson junctions (JJs) of different areas. Employing on-chip lumped element inductors, we have decoupled the JJs from their environmental line impedances at the frequencies relevant for MQT. This allowed us to study the crossover from the thermal to the quantum regime in the low damping limit. A clear reduction of the crossover temperature with increasing JJ size is observed and found to be in excellent agreement with theory. All junctions were realized on the same chip and were thoroughly characterized before the quantum measurements.