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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

Heterodyne measurements of dispersion in electromagnetically absorption

L. Spani Molella, K. Danzmann, R.-H. Rinkleff

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The dispersive and absorptive features of a closed transition in atomic cesium are investigated by means of a heterodyne interferometer as a function of the powers of probe and pump laser.
DOI
10.1109/eqec.2003.1313904

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Heterodyne measurements of dispersion in electromagnetically induced absorption

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The dispersive and absorptive features of a closed transition in atomic cesium are investigated by means of a heterodyne interferometer as a function of the powers of probe and pump laser. Coherent population trapping (CPT) phenomena have raised the interest of the community in recent years. Possible applications of such effects are in the field of slow light propagation and, on the other side, superluminal effects. In particular, special interest has been devoted to the investigation of the refractive index of coherently prepared atoms. The goal of this investigation is the design of new optical media which show either negative or positive dispersion without absorption or with increased anomalous absorption. Such media could be useful ui building white light cavities, opto-optical modulators, and in quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements which are crucial to the development of the future generations gravitational wave detectors. Among these coherency processes we have been studying the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) (2) in a closed transition in cesiumatoms. The transition under analysis was the 'CS DZ line at 852 nm, in particular the hyperfine transition 6s zS~/2 F=4 + 6p 2P~/2 F'=5. The system was analyzed by means of a three beam heterodyne interferometer (l). This experimental setup shows high sensitivity to phase measurements and strongly reduced sensitivity to acoustical or vibrational noise. Using a third reference laser which does not interact with the mediumone can perform simultaneous measurements of the phase shift and the absorption of either the probe or the pump laser. The dispersion and the absorption of probe and coupling lasers have been measured as a funcion of the power of the coupling and probe lasers themselves. The power of the lasers are changed in the range of several decades. The halfwidth of the EL4 signal shows an increase with respect to the power of the probe laser while the phase shift of the probe laser decreases. The possibility to extend EIA measurements to a closed four level system in cesium is under analysis and is discussed here. Such possible developments of the experimental setup using a fourth laser or modulating the present reference laser enhance the capability to exploit simultaneous measurements of dispersion and absorption even in the four level system. This work was supported by SFB 407 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Society).

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The dispersive and absorptive features of a closed transition in atomic cesium are investigated by means of a heterodyne interferometer as a function of the powers of probe and pump laser. Coherent population trapping (CPT) phenomena have raised the interest of the community in recent years. Possible applications of such effects are in the field of slow light propagation and, on the other side, superluminal effects. In particular, special interest has been devoted to the investigation of the refractive index of coherently prepared atoms. The goal of this investigation is the design of new optical media which show either negative or positive dispersion without absorption or with increased anomalous absorption. Such media could be useful ui building white light cavities, opto-optical modulators, and in quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements which are crucial to the development of the future generations gravitational wave detectors. Among these coherency processes we have been studying the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) (2) in a closed transition in cesiumatoms. The transition under analysis was the 'CS DZ line at 852 nm, in particular the hyperfine transition 6s zS~/2 F=4 + 6p 2P~/2 F'=5. The system was analyzed by means of a three beam heterodyne interferometer (l). This experimental setup shows high sensitivity to phase measurements and strongly reduced sensitivity to acoustical or vibrational noise. Using a third reference laser which does not interact with the mediumone can perform simultaneous measurements of the phase shift and the absorption of either the probe or the pump laser. The dispersion and the absorption of probe and coupling lasers have been measured as a funcion of the power of the coupling and probe lasers themselves. The power of the lasers are changed in the range of several decades. The halfwidth of the EL4 signal shows an increase with respect to the power of the probe laser while the phase shift of the probe laser decreases. The possibility to extend EIA measurements to a closed four level system in cesium is under analysis and is discussed here. Such possible developments of the experimental setup using a fourth laser or modulating the present reference laser enhance the capability to exploit simultaneous measurements of dispersion and absorption even in the four level system. This work was supported by SFB 407 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Society).
Using three phase-locked lasers, we have observed in a three-level system the phase shift of the frequency fixed coupling laser in dependence of the probe laser frequency relative to an off-resonant reference laser. In the vicinity of the two-photon resonance, the system exhibits electomagnetically induced transparency and we show that the dispersion of coupling and probe field shows different spectra if the probe field frequency is tuned. The parametric dispersion of the coupling field is measured on a cesium atomic beam with a heterodyne interferometer over several decades of coupling and probe laser power. Even with coupling powers in the nW range, the interferometer gives a good signal-to-noise ratio. The results are in good agreement with a numerical simulation of a semiclassical model. Analytical expressions for the dispersion are given.
Continuous wave extended cavity diode lasers are used to measure the absorptive and dispersive properties of the 5 2S1/2 → 5 (^2)Рз/2 resonance, at 780 nm, in Rubidium (Rb) vapour. The Doppler-broadened hyperfine transitions are studied both with and without a pump beam. The investigation concentrates on three-level Л-systems, realized in the presence of a pump beam, exhibiting Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT). Electromagnetically Induced Absorption (EIA) IS also seen. The EIT and EIA resonances can be several orders of magnitude narrower than the natural line width of the atomic transitions in the absence of the pump beam. Further, the EIT resonances are sensitive to applied magnetic fields. The narrowest resonances measured in this work have a full-width at half- maximum of 〜 80 kHz. This is limited by the transit time of the atoms through the probe and pump beams. Predictions of theoretical calculations and models are compared to experimental results. The theory of beam splitters and interferometers is developed to enable the implementation of a Sagnac interferometer in a novel "biased" alignment. This allows the dispersion of atomic resonances to be measured directly. The direct measurement of the dispersion of the narrow EIT features in a "biased" Sagnac interferometer is presented. Such a signal is ideally suited to precision measurement applications such 88 inertial sensing and magnetometry.