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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Macroscopic quantum entanglement

F. S. Cataliotti, F. De Martini, Fabio Sciarrino, Nicolò Spagnolo, Chiara Vitelli

Published Aug 28, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the present work we propose to realize a macroscopic light-matter entangled state, obtained by the interaction of a multiphoton quantum superposition with a BEC system. The multiphoton quantum state is generated by a quantum-injected optical parametric amplifier (QI-OPA) seeded by a single-photon belonging to an EPR entangled pair and interacts with a Mirror-BEC shaped as a Bragg interference structure. The overall process will realize an entangled macroscopic quantum superposition involving a "microscopic" single-photon state of polarization and the coherent "macroscopic" displacement of the BEC structure acting in space-like separated distant places. This hybrid photonic-atomic system could open new perspectives on the possibility of coupling the amplified radiation with an atomic ensemble, a Bose-Einstein condensate, in order to implement innovative quantum interface between light and matter.

DOI
10.1117/12.797927

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In the present work we propose to realize a macroscopic light-matter entangled state, obtained by the interaction of a multiphoton quantum superposition with a BEC system. The multiphoton quantum state is generated by a quantum-injected optical parametric amplifier (QI-OPA) seeded by a single-photon belonging to an EPR entangled pair and interacts with a Mirror-BEC shaped as a Bragg interference structure. The overall process will realize an entangled macroscopic quantum superposition involving a "microscopic" single-photon state of polarization and the coherent "macroscopic" displacement of the BEC structure acting in space-like separated distant places. This hybrid photonic-atomic system could open new perspectives on the possibility of coupling the amplified radiation with an atomic ensemble, a Bose-Einstein condensate, in order to implement innovative quantum interface between light and matter.
The multiphoton quantum superposition generated by a quantum-injected optical parametric amplifier (QI-OPA) seeded by a single-photon belonging to an EPR entangled pair is made to interact with a Mirror-BEC shaped as a Bragg interference structure. The effect can be greatly enhanced if the mirror is part of a cavity structure or is used within an optical interferometer. The overall process will realize an Entangled Macroscopic Quantum Superposition involving a ''microscopic'' singe-photon state of polarization and the coherent ''macroscopic'' displacement of the BEC structure acting in space-like separated distant places.
The present work investigates quantum phenomena with large size systems generated in the microscopic world and then transferred in the macro one through an amplification process. Precisely, a microscopic entangled photon state is created by a nonlinear optical process, then one subsystem is injected into an optical parametric amplifier and then converted into a macro — state consisting of N ≈ 3.5 × 104 photons in a quantum superposition. By adopting a local filtering technique, we then demonstrate the entanglement of the bipartite system. The new conceptual framework paves the way toward the generation of light-matter entangled states by coupling the output radiation with a Bose-Einstein condensate. The multiphoton superposition generated by a quantum-injected optical parametric amplifier (QI-OPA) can be made to interact with a Mirror-BEC shaped as a Bragg interference structure.
In this work we present the realization of multiphoton quantum states, obtained by optical parametric amplification, and we investigate their perspectives and possible applications. The multiphoton quantum states are generated by a quantum-injected optical parametric amplifier (QI-OPA) seeded by a single-photon belonging to an EPR entangled pair. The entanglement between the micro-macroscopic photon system is experimentally demonstrated, and the possible applications of the macro-qubits states are presented and discussed.
Entanglement between stationary systems at remote locations is a key resource for quantum networks. We report on the experimental generation of remote entanglement between a single atom inside an optical cavity and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). To produce this, a single photon is created in the atom-cavity system, thereby generating atom-photon entanglement. The photon is transported to the BEC and converted into a collective excitation in the BEC, thus establishing matter-matter entanglement. After a variable delay, this entanglement is converted into photon-photon entanglement. The matter-matter entanglement lifetime of 100 μs exceeds the photon duration by 2 orders of magnitude. The total fidelity of all concatenated operations is 95%. This hybrid system opens up promising perspectives in the field of quantum information.
The realization of hybrid entanglement between a microscopic (quantum) and a macroscopic (classical) system, in analogy to the situation of the famous Schrödinger's cat paradox, is an important milestone, both from the fundamental perspective and for possible applications in the processing of quantum information. The most straightforward optical implementation of this condition is that of the entanglement between a single-photon and a coherent state. In this work, we describe the first step towards the generation of this type of hybrid entanglement from the experimental perspective.
In this paper, we present a method to generate continuous-variable-type entangled states between photons and atoms in atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). The proposed method involves an atomic BEC with three internal states, a weak quantized probe laser, and a strong classical coupling laser, which form a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-shaped BEC system. We consider a situation where the BEC is in electromagnetically induced transparency with the coupling laser being much stronger than the probe laser. In this case, the upper and intermediate levels are unpopulated, so that their adiabatic elimination enables an effective two-mode model involving only the atomic field at the lowest internal level and the quantized probe laser field. Atom-photon quantum entanglement is created through laser-atom and interatomic interactions, and two-photon detuning. We show how to generate atom-photon entangled coherent states and entangled states between photon (atom) coherent states and atom-(photon-) macroscopic quantum superposition (MQS) states, and between photon-MQS and atom-MQS states.