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Journal of Mathematical Physics

Implementation of automorphism groups in certain representations of the canonical commutation relations

Henry A. Warchall

Published Dec 1, 1982• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the unitary implementability of one-parameter unitary groups of one-particle automorphisms of the CCR algebra in representations symplectically related to the Fock representation. The criteria become particularly simple when the one-particle generator of the unitary group is positive and bounded away from zero; in this case the automorphism group is unitarily implementable only in the representations unitarily equivalent to the Fock representation. If the spectrum of the generator includes zero, however, the situation is more complicated; there then exist representations inequivalent to the Fock representation which admit unitary implementation of the automorphism group. It is also shown that whenever implementation of the automorphism group is possible, the implementing operators can be chosen to be a strongly continuous unitary group, guaranteeing the existence of a ‘‘second-quantized’’ self-adjoint generator.

DOI
10.1063/1.525311

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Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the unitary implementability of one-parameter unitary groups of one-particle automorphisms of the CCR algebra in representations symplectically related to the Fock representation. The criteria become particularly simple when the one-particle generator of the unitary group is positive and bounded away from zero; in this case the automorphism group is unitarily implementable only in the representations unitarily equivalent to the Fock representation. If the spectrum of the generator includes zero, however, the situation is more complicated; there then exist representations inequivalent to the Fock representation which admit unitary implementation of the automorphism group. It is also shown that whenever implementation of the automorphism group is possible, the implementing operators can be chosen to be a strongly continuous unitary group, guaranteeing the existence of a ‘‘second-quantized’’ self-adjoint generator.
Defines displaced Fock representations of the canonical commutation relations in an algebraic framework. Then the author considers the problem of unitary implementability of the symmetry group which acts on the one-particle space of the theory. This action induces an automorphism of the algebra of the CCR and a condition is found to ensure that this automorphism be implemented by a unitary group representation in the space of the displaced Fock representation. Using this condition the author proves the existence of infinitely many displaced Fock representations in which the group automorphism is implemented by a unitary action. This is done for a specific choice of a subgroup of the Poincare group, and for all cases of integer value of spin.
For the case of infinitely many photon (Boson) modes we investigate the unitary implementability of a class of symplectic one-parameter groups (more exactly, of the associated groups of Bogoliubov automorphisms on the CCR algebra) in the Fock representation and in representations of the CCR algebra, which are symplectically related and inequivalent to Fock. Furthermore, the existence of the associated (squeezing) quadratic Hamiltonians is discussed. Finally, applications in the theory of quantization in QED and in the Luttinger model are pointed out.
On the bosonic Fock space, a family of Bogoliubov transformations corresponding to a strongly continuous one-parameter group of symplectic maps R(t) is considered. Under suitable assumptions on the generator A of this group, which guarantee that the induced representations of CCR are unitarily equivalent for all time t, it is known that the unitary operator U_{nat}(t) which implement this transformation gives a prjective unitary representation of R(t). Under rather general assumptions on the generator A, we prove that the corresponding Bogoliubov transformations can be implemented by a one-parameter group U(t) of unitary operators. The generator of U(t) will be called a Bogoliubov Hamiltonian. We will introduce two kinds of Bogoliubov Hamiltonians (type I and II) and give conditions so that they are well defined.
A general theoretical framework is developed for the treatment of a class of quantum field theories that are explicitly exactly solvable, but require the use of C*-algebraic techniques because time-dependent scattering theory cannot be constructed in any one natural representation of the observable algebra. The purpose is to exhibit mechanisms by which inequivalent representations of the observable algebra can arise in quantum field theory, in a setting free of other complications commonly associated with the specification of dynamics. One of two major results is the development of necessary and sufficient conditions for the concurrent unitary implementation of two automorphism groups in a class of quasifree representations of the algebra of the canonical commutation relations (CCR). The automorphism groups considered are induced by one-parameter groups of symplectic transformations on the classical phase space over which the Weyl algebra of the CCR is built; each symplectic group is conjugate by a fixed symplectic transformation to a one-parameter unitary group. The second result, an analog to the Birman–Belopol’skii theorem in two-Hilbert-space scattering theory, gives sufficient conditions for the existence of Mo/ller wave morphisms in theories with time-development automorphism groups of the above type. In a paper which follows, this framework is used to analyze a particular model system for which wave operators fail to exist in any natural representation of the observable algebra, but for which wave morphisms and an associated S matrix are easily constructed.
This paper studies a class of representations (called quadratic) of the canonical commutation relations over symplectic spaces of arbitrary dimension, which naturally generalizes coherent and symplectic (i.e. quasifree) representations and which has previously been heuristically employed in the special case of finite degrees of freedom in the physics literature. An explicit characterization of canonical quadratic transformations in terms of a 'standard form' is given, and it is shown that they can be exponentiated to give representations of the Weyl algebra. Necessary and sufficient conditions are presented for the unitary equivalence of these representations with the Fock representation. Possible applications to quantum optics and quantum field theory are briefly indicated.
The standard C*-formalism of representations of commutations relations for systems of infinitely many degrees of freedom over a real numbers field is extended to the case of a p-adic numbers field. It is proved that any positive function on the Weyl algebra over a p-adic symplectic space is regular and restriction of the generating function of a state of the Weyl algebra on any nongenerate finite-dimensional subspace of p-adic symplectic space is continuous. Some nontrivial class of nonequivalent representations of commutations relations is described and analogies of Fock representations and representations with number operators are constructed. The criteria for the existence of free-field unitary quantization of symplectic transformations is given.