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Physical Review Letters

Squeezing Pattern in Resonance Fluorescence from a Regular N -Atom System

W. Vogel, D.‐G. Welsch

Published Apr 22, 1985• 39 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown that a squeezing pattern is produced in resonance fluorescence from $N$ atoms distributed at regular positions. The squeezing pattern has twice the periodicity of the ordinary diffraction pattern. Directions in which squeezed coherent states are observed alternate with directions in which squeezed vacuum states occur. The squeezing effect is $N$ times stronger than in resonance fluorescence from a single atom.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.54.1802

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Physical Review A•Sep 1, 1996•1 citation
It is shown that a squeezing pattern is produced in resonance fluorescence from NNN atoms distributed at regular positions. The squeezing pattern has twice the periodicity of the ordinary diffraction pattern. Directions in which squeezed coherent states are observed alternate with directions in which squeezed vacuum states occur. The squeezing effect is NNN times stronger than in resonance fluorescence from a single atom.
It is shown that 100100%100 squeezed output can be produced in the resonance fluorescence from a coherently driven two-level atom interacting with a squeezed vacuum. This is only possible for N=1/8N=1/8N=1/8 squeezed input, and is associated with a pure atomic state, i.e., a completely polarized state. The quadrature for which optimal squeezing occurs depends on the squeezing phase $\ensuremath{\Phi}$, the Rabi frequency $\ensuremath{\Omega}$, and the atomic detuning $\ensuremath{\Delta}$. Pure states are described for arbitrary $\ensuremath{\Phi}$, not just $\ensuremath{\Phi}=0$ or $\ensuremath{\pi}$ as in previous work. For small values of N, there may be a greater degree of squeezing in the output field than the input, i.e., we have squeezing amplification.
We examine squeezing properties of resonance fluorescence from two interacting atoms. Previous theoretical analyses of this model have predicted squeezing on one-photon resonance. Here we show that it is possible to obtain squeezing in two-atom resonance fluorescence through two-photon transitions induced by a cooperative atomic interaction. The squeezing occurs near a two-photon resonance and is not sensitive to the duration of the detection time in comparison with the decay time of the subradiant state. Moreover, squeezing near a two-photon resonance is completely independent of the direction of observation in respect to the atomic axis and can be significantly larger than that previously found on one-photon resonance.
It is shown that some 17 Rydberg Na atoms initially placed into a coherent atomic state and super-radiating into a low-Q microwave cavity at temperatures T ≲ 0·4 K will show modest squeezing in the fluorescence field, the squeezing arising from terms oscillating at twice the cavity frequency. It is also shown that similar numbers of Rydberg atoms undergoing resonance fluorescence in a coherent single-mode microwave driving field and without any cavity will show more substantial squeezing in the fluorescence field.
The squeezing properties of the fluorescence field emitted by a two-level atom driven by a coherent laser field in a squeezed vacuum are calculated. We show that in the region of the anomalous resonance fluorescence the emitted field exhibits squeezing that is much larger than that in the input squeezed vacuum. The squeezing spectrum attains a minimum value that corresponds to 75% squeezing. We also find that, in the total fluorescence field, squeezing attains an optimum achievable value in the fluorescence field emitted by a two-level atom. The optimum squeezing is associated with the collapse of the system into a pure state.