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Optics Letters

The role of optical filtering in microwave phase shifting

Seán Ó Dúill, Evgeny Shumakher, G. Eisenstein

Published Jun 29, 2010• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We highlight the importance of the delay arising from optical filters in slow-light-based microwave phase shifting systems. We calculate the filter delay numerically from the measured amplitude response by using the well-known Kramers-Kronig relations. The complex filter transmission response is then incorporated within a numerical model with which we explain phase shifting results obtained from experiments employing semiconductor optical amplifiers as slow light elements.

DOI
10.1364/ol.35.002278

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We highlight the importance of the delay arising from optical filters in slow-light-based microwave phase shifting systems. We calculate the filter delay numerically from the measured amplitude response by using the well-known Kramers-Kronig relations. The complex filter transmission response is then incorporated within a numerical model with which we explain phase shifting results obtained from experiments employing semiconductor optical amplifiers as slow light elements.
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We provide a comprehensive review of the application of slow and fast light (SFL) techniques to the field of microwave photonics. Basic principles leading to the implementation of phase shifting and true time delay operations which are instrumental in this field are first considered. We then focus on the description of the main results obtained by our groups in the implementation of broadband, full 360 phase shifting using coherent population oscillations in semiconductor waveguides. Next, attention is given to the evaluation of the system impairments implied by these devices when included in analog links. Finally, the main results obtained for several microwave photonic applications such as filtering, arbitrary waveform generation and optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) are reviewed, and other directions for future research in the field are discussed.
We show that the degree of light-speed control in a semiconductor optical amplifier can be significantly extended by the introduction of optical filtering. We achieve a phase shift of approximately 150 degrees at 19 GHz modulation frequency, corresponding to a several-fold increase of the absolute phase shift as well as the achievable bandwidth. We show good quantitative agreement with numerical simulations, including the effects of population oscillations and four-wave mixing, and provide a simple physical explanation based on an analytical perturbation approach.