Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Chinese Physics

Dominant wing spectroscopy of energy pooling collisions near the boundary layer involving thermal caesium vapour

Wang Tie-Yun, Huang Tao, Shuangli Dong, Xiao Lan-Tuan, Jia Suo-Tang

Published Oct 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have observed the dominant wing spectroscopy of energy pooling collision near the boundary layer involving Cs atoms under the condition of moderate-to-high optical depths at line-centre. It appears from our experimental investigations that the energy-pooling fluorescence presents about 16 spectral lines, and all the lines can be assigned to the Cs atomic transitions. We find that all lines of the energy-pooling retrofluorescence from the heated Cs atomic vapour cell show two-peak profiles. In addition, its pumping power linear dependence in the energy pooling process has been measured and analysed.

DOI
10.1088/1009-1963/16/10/018

Related papers

Laser energy-pooling processes in an optically thick Cs vapor near a dissipative surface

Jean Gagné, Karine Le Bris, Marie-Claude Gagné

We characterize, for the first time to our knowledge, the laser-induced backward fluorescence (retrofluorescence) spectra that result from energy-pooling collisions between Cs atoms near a dissipative thin Cs layer on a glass substrate. We resolve, experimentally and theoretically, the laser spectroscopic problem of energy-pooling processes related to the nature of the glass–metallic vapor interface. Our study focused on the integrated laser-induced retrofluorescence spectra for the 455.5-nm (72P3/2–62S1/2) and 852.2-nm (62P3/2–62S1/2) lines as a function of laser scanning through pumping resonance at the 852.2-nm line. We experimentally investigate the retrofluorescence from 420 to 930 nm, induced by a diode laser tuned either in the wings or in the center of the pumping resonance line. We present a detailed theoretical model of the retrofluorescence signal based on the radiative transfer equation, taking into account the evanescent wave of the excited atomic dipole strongly coupled with a dissipative surface. Based on theoretical and experimental results, we evaluate the effective nonradiative transfer rate A¯62P3/2→62S1/2sf for atoms in the excited 62P3/2 level located in the near-field region of the surface of the cell. Values extracted from the energy-pooling process analysis are equivalent to those found directly from the 852.2-nm resonance retrofluorescence line. We show that the effective energy-pooling coefficients k˜72P3/2 and k˜72P1/2 are approximately equal. The agreement between theory and experiment is remarkably good, considering the simplicity of the model.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Dec 2, 2002•11 citations

Spectroscopic investigation of sensitized-Cs (62 P3/2–62P1/2) laser retrofluorescence in a pure optically thick vapour near a dissipative surface

Karine Le Bris, Claude Kondo Assi, Jean Gagné

A low-power, monochromatic, tunable diode laser is used to selectively populate the cesium 62P3/2 (Fe = 2, 3, 4, 5) hyperfine-structure levels in a pure optically thick vapour in the presence of a dissipative surface. The integrated retrofluorescence intensities for the 852 nm (62P3/2 → 62S1/2), 894 nm (62P1/2 → 62S1/2)> and 455 nm (72P3/2 → 62S1/2) lines have been measured and analyzed. When the laser frequency is scanned through the [62S1/2(Fg) → 62P3/2(Fe)] hyperfine resonance line, the sensitized retrofluorescence spectral signal corresponding to the 894 nm line has a profile significantly different from the retrofluorescence signal at the 852 nm line, but rather similar to the profiles of the lines associated with the energy-pooling collisions. The population of the 62P1/2 atomic level in an optically thick vapour cannot be explained only by the fine-structure excitation transfer process [Cs (62P3/2) + Cs (62S1/2) ↔ Cs (62P1/2) + Cs (62S1/2)] usually accepted in an optically thin vapour. We have investigated inelastic collisions in the populating mechanisms of 62P1/2 level starting from the 62P3/2 level exited by the monochromatic laser taking into account the presence of an electrically conductive surface. It appears from our experimental and theoretical investigations that, the spectral properties of the laser-induced Cs 894 nm sensitized retrofluorescence in a pure optically thick vapour near a dissipative surface cannot be explained by both the conventional mechanism and cascade collisions. The satisfactory interpretation of the experimental results is an open problem of atomic spectroscopy.PACS Nos.: 32.30, 32.50, 32.70, 32.80, 34.10, 34.50, 42.62

Canadian Journal of Physics•May 1, 2004•4 citations

Thermal-Energy Pooling Collisions in Cesium Vapour: Cs(6 P 3/2 ) + Cs(6 P 3/2 ) → Cs(7 P 3/2, 1/2 ) + Cs(6 S 1/2 )

Slobodan Milošević, F. De Tomasi, F. Fuso +1 more

We report the observation at thermal energies of the energy pooling collisions 6 P + 6 P in Cs vapour excited by a laser diode. The rate coefficients of the process Cs(6 P 3/2 ) + Cs(6 P 3/2 ) → Cs(7 P 3/2, 1/2 ) + Cs(6 S 1/2 ) are measured for the first time.

Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Dec 20, 1995•10 citations

Cross sections for energy transfer in collision between two excited state Cs(6P) atoms

Meiguang Zhang

Aim An experimental study into cesium energy pooling collision,Cs(6P3/2)+Cs(6P3/2)→Cs(nLJ=8S1/2,4F5/2,4F7/2)+Cs(6S1/2),has been carried out in a cell.Methods A single mode semiconductor laser is used to excite the 6P3/2 state,the other single mode laser antiparallel to pumping laser is used as absorption line to detect excited atomic intensity and its spatial distribution,with absorption line transiting from 6P3/2 to 8S1/2 and parallel to the movement of pumping laser.The cross section of energy pooling collisions is obtained by the ratio of the excited atomic density to fluorescence intensity of the spectral line.Results The cross sections of 8S1/2,4F5/2 and 4F7/2 are(5.43±1.56)×10-16 cm2,(4.89±1.16)×10-16 cm2 and(6.17±1.60)×10-16 cm2,respectively.Conclusion Compared with other test results,the calculation results are exact.

Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations

retrofluorescence in a pure optically thickvapour near a dissipative surface

Karine Le Bris, Claude Kondo Assi, Jean Gagné

A low-power, monochromatic, tunable diode laser is used to selectively populate the cesium 6 2 P3/2 (Fe = 2, 3, 4, 5) hyperfine-structure levels in a pure optically thick vapour in the presence of a dissipative surface. The integrated retrofluorescence intensities for the 852 nm � 6 2 P3/2 → 6 2 S1/2 � , 894 nm � 6 2 P1/2 → 6 2 S1/2 � and 455 nm � 7 2 P3/2 → 6 2 S1/2 � lines have been measured and analyzed. When the laser frequency is scanned through the � 6 2 S 1/2 � F g � → 6 2 P 3/2 (Fe) � hyperfine resonance line, the sensitized retrofluorescence spectral signal corresponding to the 894 nm line has a profile significantly different from the retrofluorescence signal at the 852 nm line, but rather similar to the profiles of the lines associated with the energy-pooling collisions. The population of the 6 2 P1/2 atomic level in an optically thick vapour cannot be explained only by the fine-structure excitation transfer processCs � 6 2 P3/2 � + Cs � 6 2 S1/2 � ↔ Cs � 6 2 P1/2 � + Cs � 6 2 S1/2 �� usually accepted in an optically thin vapour. We have investigated inelastic collisions in the populating mechanisms of 6 2 P1/2 level starting from the 6 2 P3/2 level exited by the monochromatic laser taking into account the presence of an electrically conductive surface. It appears from our experimental and theoretical investigations that, the spectral properties of the laser-induced Cs 894 nm sensitized retrofluorescence in a pure optically thick vapour near a dissipative surface cannot be explained by both the conventional mechanism and cascade collisions. The satisfactory interpretation of the experimental results is an open problem of atomic spectroscopy.

•Jan 1, 2004•0 citations

Resonant Reaction in Rb–Cs Vapour Mixture Rb(5 P 1/2 ) + Cs(6 P 3/2 ) → Cs(8 S 1/2 ) + Rb(5 S 1/2 )

Shen Yi-Fan, Kang Dai, Baoxia Mu +2 more

We experimentally study energy-pooling collision in the Rb–Cs vapour mixture at low densities in a cell. Atoms are excited to Rb(5 P 1/2 ) and Cs(6 P 3/2 ) states using two single-mode diode lasers. To isolate the heteronuclear contribution in the fluorescence spectrum, a double-modulation technique is adopted. The excited-atom density and spatial distribution are mapped by monitoring the absorption of a counterpropagating single-mode diode laser beam, tuned to Rb(5 P 1/2 →7 S 1/2 ) and Cs(6 P 3/2 →8 S 1/2 ) transitions, respectively, which could be translated parallel to the pump beams. The excited atom densities are combined with the measured fluorescence ratios to determine cross section for the energy-pooling process [i.e. Rb(5 P 1/2 ) + Cs (6 P 3/2 ) → Cs(8 S 1/2 ) + Rb (5 S 1/2 )]. The cross section is 3.79×10 −14 cm 2 ±45%.

Chinese Physics Letters•Apr 28, 2006•2 citations
We have observed the dominant wing spectroscopy of energy pooling collision near the boundary layer involving Cs atoms under the condition of moderate-to-high optical depths at line-centre. It appears from our experimental investigations that the energy-pooling fluorescence presents about 16 spectral lines, and all the lines can be assigned to the Cs atomic transitions. We find that all lines of the energy-pooling retrofluorescence from the heated Cs atomic vapour cell show two-peak profiles. In addition, its pumping power linear dependence in the energy pooling process has been measured and analysed.
We characterize, for the first time to our knowledge, the laser-induced backward fluorescence (retrofluorescence) spectra that result from energy-pooling collisions between Cs atoms near a dissipative thin Cs layer on a glass substrate. We resolve, experimentally and theoretically, the laser spectroscopic problem of energy-pooling processes related to the nature of the glass–metallic vapor interface. Our study focused on the integrated laser-induced retrofluorescence spectra for the 455.5-nm (72P3/2–62S1/2) and 852.2-nm (62P3/2–62S1/2) lines as a function of laser scanning through pumping resonance at the 852.2-nm line. We experimentally investigate the retrofluorescence from 420 to 930 nm, induced by a diode laser tuned either in the wings or in the center of the pumping resonance line. We present a detailed theoretical model of the retrofluorescence signal based on the radiative transfer equation, taking into account the evanescent wave of the excited atomic dipole strongly coupled with a dissipative surface. Based on theoretical and experimental results, we evaluate the effective nonradiative transfer rate A¯62P3/2→62S1/2sf for atoms in the excited 62P3/2 level located in the near-field region of the surface of the cell. Values extracted from the energy-pooling process analysis are equivalent to those found directly from the 852.2-nm resonance retrofluorescence line. We show that the effective energy-pooling coefficients k˜72P3/2 and k˜72P1/2 are approximately equal. The agreement between theory and experiment is remarkably good, considering the simplicity of the model.
A low-power, monochromatic, tunable diode laser is used to selectively populate the cesium 62P3/2 (Fe = 2, 3, 4, 5) hyperfine-structure levels in a pure optically thick vapour in the presence of a dissipative surface. The integrated retrofluorescence intensities for the 852 nm (62P3/2 → 62S1/2), 894 nm (62P1/2 → 62S1/2)> and 455 nm (72P3/2 → 62S1/2) lines have been measured and analyzed. When the laser frequency is scanned through the [62S1/2(Fg) → 62P3/2(Fe)] hyperfine resonance line, the sensitized retrofluorescence spectral signal corresponding to the 894 nm line has a profile significantly different from the retrofluorescence signal at the 852 nm line, but rather similar to the profiles of the lines associated with the energy-pooling collisions. The population of the 62P1/2 atomic level in an optically thick vapour cannot be explained only by the fine-structure excitation transfer process [Cs (62P3/2) + Cs (62S1/2) ↔ Cs (62P1/2) + Cs (62S1/2)] usually accepted in an optically thin vapour. We have investigated inelastic collisions in the populating mechanisms of 62P1/2 level starting from the 62P3/2 level exited by the monochromatic laser taking into account the presence of an electrically conductive surface. It appears from our experimental and theoretical investigations that, the spectral properties of the laser-induced Cs 894 nm sensitized retrofluorescence in a pure optically thick vapour near a dissipative surface cannot be explained by both the conventional mechanism and cascade collisions. The satisfactory interpretation of the experimental results is an open problem of atomic spectroscopy.PACS Nos.: 32.30, 32.50, 32.70, 32.80, 34.10, 34.50, 42.62
Aim An experimental study into cesium energy pooling collision,Cs(6P3/2)+Cs(6P3/2)→Cs(nLJ=8S1/2,4F5/2,4F7/2)+Cs(6S1/2),has been carried out in a cell.Methods A single mode semiconductor laser is used to excite the 6P3/2 state,the other single mode laser antiparallel to pumping laser is used as absorption line to detect excited atomic intensity and its spatial distribution,with absorption line transiting from 6P3/2 to 8S1/2 and parallel to the movement of pumping laser.The cross section of energy pooling collisions is obtained by the ratio of the excited atomic density to fluorescence intensity of the spectral line.Results The cross sections of 8S1/2,4F5/2 and 4F7/2 are(5.43±1.56)×10-16 cm2,(4.89±1.16)×10-16 cm2 and(6.17±1.60)×10-16 cm2,respectively.Conclusion Compared with other test results,the calculation results are exact.
A low-power, monochromatic, tunable diode laser is used to selectively populate the cesium 6 2 P3/2 (Fe = 2, 3, 4, 5) hyperfine-structure levels in a pure optically thick vapour in the presence of a dissipative surface. The integrated retrofluorescence intensities for the 852 nm � 6 2 P3/2 → 6 2 S1/2 � , 894 nm � 6 2 P1/2 → 6 2 S1/2 � and 455 nm � 7 2 P3/2 → 6 2 S1/2 � lines have been measured and analyzed. When the laser frequency is scanned through the � 6 2 S 1/2 � F g � → 6 2 P 3/2 (Fe) � hyperfine resonance line, the sensitized retrofluorescence spectral signal corresponding to the 894 nm line has a profile significantly different from the retrofluorescence signal at the 852 nm line, but rather similar to the profiles of the lines associated with the energy-pooling collisions. The population of the 6 2 P1/2 atomic level in an optically thick vapour cannot be explained only by the fine-structure excitation transfer processCs � 6 2 P3/2 � + Cs � 6 2 S1/2 � ↔ Cs � 6 2 P1/2 � + Cs � 6 2 S1/2 �� usually accepted in an optically thin vapour. We have investigated inelastic collisions in the populating mechanisms of 6 2 P1/2 level starting from the 6 2 P3/2 level exited by the monochromatic laser taking into account the presence of an electrically conductive surface. It appears from our experimental and theoretical investigations that, the spectral properties of the laser-induced Cs 894 nm sensitized retrofluorescence in a pure optically thick vapour near a dissipative surface cannot be explained by both the conventional mechanism and cascade collisions. The satisfactory interpretation of the experimental results is an open problem of atomic spectroscopy.
We experimentally study energy-pooling collision in the Rb–Cs vapour mixture at low densities in a cell. Atoms are excited to Rb(5 P 1/2 ) and Cs(6 P 3/2 ) states using two single-mode diode lasers. To isolate the heteronuclear contribution in the fluorescence spectrum, a double-modulation technique is adopted. The excited-atom density and spatial distribution are mapped by monitoring the absorption of a counterpropagating single-mode diode laser beam, tuned to Rb(5 P 1/2 →7 S 1/2 ) and Cs(6 P 3/2 →8 S 1/2 ) transitions, respectively, which could be translated parallel to the pump beams. The excited atom densities are combined with the measured fluorescence ratios to determine cross section for the energy-pooling process [i.e. Rb(5 P 1/2 ) + Cs (6 P 3/2 ) → Cs(8 S 1/2 ) + Rb (5 S 1/2 )]. The cross section is 3.79×10 −14 cm 2 ±45%.