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Physical Review B

Coherently triggered single photons from a quantum-dot cavity system

Pradyumna K. Pathak, Stephen Hughes

Published Jul 15, 2010• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a scheme to realize a highly efficient solid state source of indistinguishable single photons using cavity-assisted stimulated adiabatic Raman passage in a single quantum dot. The Autler-Townes doublet, generated by using a resonant driving field between biexciton and exciton states is utilized to facilitate a two-photon Raman transition in the quantum dot. An optical field transient then coherently generates a single photon pulse, whose polarization is orthogonal to the polarization of the applied fields and can thus be filtered efficiently from the scattered fields. The triggered generated single photons have greater than 90% efficiency and more than 90% quantum indistinguishability using currently available experimental parameters.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.82.045308

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We present a scheme to realize a highly efficient solid state source of indistinguishable single photons using cavity-assisted stimulated adiabatic Raman passage in a single quantum dot. The Autler-Townes doublet, generated by using a resonant driving field between biexciton and exciton states is utilized to facilitate a two-photon Raman transition in the quantum dot. An optical field transient then coherently generates a single photon pulse, whose polarization is orthogonal to the polarization of the applied fields and can thus be filtered efficiently from the scattered fields. The triggered generated single photons have greater than 90% efficiency and more than 90% quantum indistinguishability using currently available experimental parameters.
We propose two schemes to realize a highly efficient solid-state source of photon pairs using four-wave mixing and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a single quantum dot embedded in a microcavity. A resonant continuous-wave laser applied between biexciton and exciton states and a pulsed laser applied between a ground state and exciton state are utilized to facilitate coherent pumping. We show in the case of four-wave mixing that, although the probability of generating two photons in a cavity mode is small without cavity damping, two-photon-resonant emission is enhanced by cavity damping within the strong-coupling regime. For strong continuous-wave laser, a single photon from a pulsed laser and two-photon-resonant transition through a strongly coupled cavity mode lead to a (1+2)-type Raman transition through the generated Autler-Townes doublet. We also discuss the spectrum of the generated photon pair and the photon-photon correlations in the generated photon pair.
A deterministic "on demand" source of single photons is a basic building block for linear quantum computation \cite{linear}, quantum cryptography \cite{crypto}, quantum teleportation \cite{teleport}, and quantum networks \cite{network}. In all these applications, quantum interference between two single-photon pulses on a symmetric beam splitter has been exploited \cite{review}, which imposes stringent requirement for the implemented single photons to be indistinguishable in all degrees of freedom, including their frequencies, spectral widths, pulse shapes, and polarizations. To generate single photons one requires a pumping mechanism to excite a "two-level emitter" and an efficient channeling of the subsequently emitted photons. The efficiency of the source can be enhanced by coupling the emitter to the waveguide \cite{manga} or a microcavity mode \cite{cklaw}. However, hitherto the solid-state single photon sources realized by using a quantum dot coupled with a microcavity rely on incoherent pumping of excitons, which leads to problems with timing jitter \cite{kiraz}, leading to a trade off between efficiency and indistinguishability. Here we introduce a means to realize a highly efficient solid state source of indistinguishable single photons using cavity-assisted adiabatic Raman passage in a single quantum dot - cavity system. We demonstrate pulse-triggered single photons with 100% efficiency and >90>90>90% indistinguishability using currently available experimental parameters.
We study the role of electron-phonon scattering for a pulse-triggered quantum dot single-photon source which utilizes a modified version of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and cavity coupling. This on-demand source is coherently pumped with an optical pulse in the presence of a continuous-wave laser drive, allowing for efficient generation of indistinguishable single photons with polarizations orthogonal to the applied fields. In contrast to previous studies, we explore the role of electron-phonon scattering on this semiconductor system by using a polaron master equation approach to model the biexciton-exciton cascade and cavity mode coupling. In addition to background zero-phonon-line decoherence processes, microscopic electron--acoustic-phonon coupling, which usually degrades the indistinguishability and efficiency of semiconductor photon sources, is rigorously taken into account. We study how different system parameters (including cavity and laser detunings, cavity spectral width, temperature) affect the device performance and contrast the relative influence of intrinsic phonon coupling with other dephasing mechanisms. We describe how this biexciton-exciton cascade scheme allows for true single photons to be generated with over 90% quantum indistinguishability and efficiency simultaneously using realistic experimental parameters. We also show how the double-field dressing can be probed through the cavity-emitted spectrum.
We present a scheme to realize a deterministic solid state source of time-bin entangled photon pairs using cavity-assisted stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a single quantum dot. The quantum dot is embedded inside a semiconductor cavity, and the interaction of a coherent superposition of two temporally separated input pulses and the cavity mode leads to a two-photon Raman transition, which produces a time-bin entangled photon pair through the biexciton-exciton cascade. We show that the entanglement of the generated state can be measured using triple coincidence detection, and the degree of entanglement is quantified as the visibility of the interference. We also discuss the effect of pure dephasing on entanglement of the generated photon pair. Pronounced interference visibility values of greater than 1/21/\sqrt{2}1/2​ are demonstrated in triple coincidence measurement using experimentally achievable parameters, thus demonstrating that the generated photons are suitable for applications with Bell's inequality violation and quantum cryptography.
We propose a scheme for the generation of highly indistinguishable single photons using semiconductor quantum dots and demonstrate its performance and potential. The scheme is based on the resonant two-photon excitation of the biexciton followed by stimulation of the biexciton to selectively prepare an exciton. Quantum-optical simulations and experiments are in good agreement and show that the scheme provides significant advantages over previously demonstrated excitation methods. The two-photon excitation of the biexciton suppresses re-excitation and enables ultralow multiphoton errors, while the precisely timed stimulation pulse results in very low timing jitter of the photons, and consequently, high indistinguishability. In addition, the polarization of the stimulation pulse allows us to deterministically program the polarization of the emitted photon (H or V). This ensures that all emission of interest occurs in the polarization of the detection channel, resulting in higher brightness than cross-polarized resonant excitation.