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Journal of Physics C Solid State Physics

Critical behaviour of the anisotropic Ising model

J. Oitmaa, Ian Graham Enting

Published Jan 31, 1972• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The first eleven terms of the high temperature susceptibility series for the anisotropic Ising model on a simple cubic lattice are calculated. The series is analysed to obtain estimates of the critical temperature and critical exponent for various values of the anisotropy parameter eta . Strong evidence is found for an apparent continuous variation of the exponent with eta which is in contradiction with the discontinuous change at eta =0 which has been generally believed to occur. The detailed variation of the critical temperature with eta is also in disagreement with predictions from generalized scaling laws.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3719/5/2/012

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The first eleven terms of the high temperature susceptibility series for the anisotropic Ising model on a simple cubic lattice are calculated. The series is analysed to obtain estimates of the critical temperature and critical exponent for various values of the anisotropy parameter eta . Strong evidence is found for an apparent continuous variation of the exponent with eta which is in contradiction with the discontinuous change at eta =0 which has been generally believed to occur. The detailed variation of the critical temperature with eta is also in disagreement with predictions from generalized scaling laws.
The anisotropic nearest-neighbour Heisenberg model for the simple cubic lattice has been investigated by interpolating the anisotropy between the Ising and isotropic Heisenberg limits via general spin high-temperature series expansions of the zero-field suspectibility. This is done by estimating the critical temperature (Tc(3)) and the susceptibility exponent γ from the analysis of the series by the Ratio and Pade approximants methods. It is noted that Tc(3) varies with anisotropy while γ is almost the same for the anisotropic system, and a jump in it occurs for the isotropic case in agreement with the universality hypothesis. The effect of anisotropy on the susceptibility is also shown. Further, it is seen that estimates of γ for the two extreme limits agree well with those of previous theoretical as well as experimental investigations. In addition, critical temperatures have been summarised in a relation, and expressions for the magnetisation have been derived.
A high temperature expansion is obtained for the zero field susceptibility of a generalized Ising model, which can be used to describe the critical behaviour of various multicomponent systems. The first seven terms of the series are obtained for the face centred cubic lattice. Estimates of the critical temperature obtained from this series are considerably more precise than those obtained previously from the zero field free energy. Estimates are also obtained for the critical exponents of the susceptibility and the derivatives of the zero field free energy. The results are compared with the predictions of mean field theory.
The system described by the Hamiltonian shown is investigated on the basis of exact high-temperature series expansions and the Green function technique. Expansions for the zero-field ( B = 0) free energy and susceptibility (valid for arbitrary lattice structure) are developed to fifth order in reciprocal temperature for the S = ½ system with nearest-neighbour forces. The critical behaviour is discussed in two and three dimensions using the random phase approximation and Padé approximants. In particular the variation of the critical temperature with η is accurately determined for common two- and three-dimensional lattices. It is conjectured that the susceptibility index γ remains constant for 0 ⩽ η < 1 but changes discontinuously at η = 1.
The anisotropic Heisenberg model has been investigated by interpolating anisotropy between the Ising and isotropic Heisenberg limits via general spin high temperature series (HTS) for the zero-field susceptibility of the ferromagnets for the square lattice. This is done by locating the critical temperature ( T c (2) ) and the susceptibility exponent (γ) from the analysis of the series by Pade approximant and ratio methods. The critical temperature is found to be spin dependent. It decreases as anisotropy changes from the Ising limit towards the isotropic limit and remains finite (lower than that of Stanley and Kaplan) for all the spins except for S =1/2 at the isotropic limit. Exponent γ is almost Ising like for the anisotropic system and anomalous jump in it occurs for the isotropic case. In addition, expressions for the magnetization are derived by using spin-wave theory. The limit of complete isotropy has been found not to be a special case for the susceptibility, in contrast to magnetization.
The critical temperatures Tc and the mean-field critical coefficients of the susceptibility χ are calculated for the S=1/2 Heisenberg-Ising model on the simple cubic lattice by the Kikuchi approximation and its simplified versions. χ̄ shows a coherent anomaly. It means that the coherent-anomaly method (CAM) is applicable to evaluate the true critical temperature T*c and the non-classical critical exponent γ for the susceptibility. As a result, the dependence of T*c on an anisotropy parameter η is given. It is shown that the behavior of γ versus η approaches a fiat line step by step as the corrections up to the higher order approximation are taken into account for 0≦η<1. It implies that the anisotropy parameter η of the Heisenberg-Ising model is irrelevant for critical exponents, if η is less than 1, as expected by the renormalization-group argument.
High-temperature series expansions for the spin-spin correlation function of the classical anisotropic Heinsenberg model are calculated for various lattices and anisotropies through order ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ (close-packed lattices) and ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ (loose-packed lattices). These series are combined and then extrapolated to give the high-temperature critical indices $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ (susceptibility), $\ensuremath{\nu}$ (correlation range), and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ (specific heat) as functions of anisotropy. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the critical indices change only when there is a change in the symmetry of the system, e.g., in interpolating between the Ising and isotropic Heisenberg models, indices remain Ising-like until the system becomes isotropic, at which point they appear to change discontinuously. Previous results for the limiting cases are confirmed and extended.