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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Optical electric resonance investigation of a fast hydrogen beam. III. Experimental procedure and analysis of H(n=4) quantum states

Mark P. Silverman, F. M. Pipkin

Published Apr 21, 1974• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

For pt.II, see ibid., vol.7, no.6, 730 (1974). The apparatus and experimental procedure for optical electric resonance investigation of a fast hydrogen beam are described. Particular attention is paid to the design and performance of the radiofrequency system. The generalized rotating field model of the atom-RF field interaction developed in Part I and the optical detection function derived in Part II are employed in conjunction with computer simulation and least squares fitting techniques to extract information on the initial states from experimental optical electric resonance spectra of the H(n=4) manifold.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/7/6/015

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For pt.II, see ibid., vol.7, no.6, 730 (1974). The apparatus and experimental procedure for optical electric resonance investigation of a fast hydrogen beam are described. Particular attention is paid to the design and performance of the radiofrequency system. The generalized rotating field model of the atom-RF field interaction developed in Part I and the optical detection function derived in Part II are employed in conjunction with computer simulation and least squares fitting techniques to extract information on the initial states from experimental optical electric resonance spectra of the H(n=4) manifold.
The lineshape theory of optically detected RF-induced electric resonance transitions in hydrogen is concluded with the treatment of the detection process within the framework of the density matrix formalism. An optical detection function is derived from which can be determined the intensity, polarisation, and angular distribution of the detected decay radiation, subject to constraints of apparatus efficiency and geometry, in terms of the initial atomic density matrix elements and variables of the radiofrequency electric field.
This series of articles will describe a novel method of utilizing optical detection of RF-induced fine structure transitions to investigate the population of excited states of fast hydrogen atoms produced by charge exchange collisions between an initial proton beam and various gas or foil targets. In Part I a model of the charge exchange collision and the interaction of the hydrogen beam with an external oscillatory field are considered within the framework of the density matrix formalism and expressions are obtained for the RF lineshapes in terms of the initial atomic density matrix elements.
For pt.I see ibid., vol.18, no.18, p.3557-37 (1985). A quantitative description of H(3s) atoms produced by laser excitation of a metastable hydrogen beam in an electric field is performed and compared with the recent experimental results of Claeys et al. (1985). The Stark effect for n=3 is calculated to obtain the relative intensities of the five Stark transitions as a function of the field strength. Good agreement with the experimental values is found. The dynamical behaviour of the 3s and 3p Stark states when the atoms leave the field is then analysed. Due to the adiabatic evolution we found that only one Stark state can produce H(3s) atoms.
For pt.I see ibid., vol.13, no.9, p.1743 (1980). Absolute values for the density of oscillator strengths in the photoabsorbtion spectrum of hydrogen-like atoms in the presence of a uniform electric field are calculated using the wavefunctions obtained from the method described in the previous paper. The symmetry properties of the wavefunctions with respect to the plane z=0 are analysed-z is the direction of the electric field. Cancellation effects can appear in the calculation of oscillator strengths due to the symmetry properties of the wavefunctions and of the polarisation of the light. The hydrogenic model is used to interpret the structures observed in the absorption spectra of alkali atoms and of semiconductors in the presence of an external electric field.
A determination of all the state multipoles of the n=2 excited state of atomic hydrogen has been made. The kinematical conditions were a crossed electron-atom-beam geometry in which the incident electron energy was 350 eV and the scattering angle 3'. The experimental technique measures the scattered 10.2 eV energy loss electrons in coincidence with the 10.2 eV photons from either the 2P state or the delayed Stark-quenched 2S-state decay. An external electrostatic field mixes the S and P states, permitting the observation of their coherence by measuring the linear and circular photon polarisations, while in-plane angular correlations for a zero electric field determine the P-state multipoles. The state multipoles were deduced from a least-squares fit of the measured data to the quantum mechanical expressions determined for a model of an S-P (m j =1/2) superposition excited state with averages over the singlet and triplet spin states.
The authors describe a method for producing a fast atomic hydrogen beam with a large amount of population selected in 3l j, mod mj mod levels. This is realized by a one-step tunable laser excitation of the metastable component of the atomic beam inside a nonhomogeneous static electric field. The linear laser polarization is taken either parallel or perpendicular with respect to the external field. It allows the selective excitation of all the states of the n=3 Stark manifold (with the exception of the mod mj mod =5/2 state). The electric field strength vanishes immediately after the laser excitation. At this point the population of the excited states are better referred to the atomic basis. The shapes of the resonant lines show that two transient effects are leading the excitation process. The first is of an optical kind (i.e. Rabi oscillation and rapid adiabatic passage) and the second is the intra Stark manifold state mixing due to the nonadiabatic time evolution of the external field strength. The internal state of the atoms crossing these fields is completely described by the density matrix evolution calculated independently on two bases (the atomic basis and the Stark instantaneous basis).