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Optics Letters

Pump depletion through coherent energy transfer in semiconductors

Curtis W. Lowry, Tom M. Brennan, B. Gene Hammons

Published Jan 15, 1995• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Experimental and theoretical study of multiwave mixing in semiconductors shows that a pump beam may be depleted through coherent energy transfer by a probe with either positive or negative pump/probe detuning. The gain modification is a sum of symmetric and antisymmetric parts associated with on-resonant and off-resonant effects, respectively. The intracavity probe power required for a given pump depletion is linearly dependent on detuning. Laser mode depletion causes mode switching that gives polarization and frequency conversion with high signal gain and high contrast.

DOI
10.1364/ol.20.000127

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Experimental and theoretical study of multiwave mixing in semiconductors shows that a pump beam may be depleted through coherent energy transfer by a probe with either positive or negative pump/probe detuning. The gain modification is a sum of symmetric and antisymmetric parts associated with on-resonant and off-resonant effects, respectively. The intracavity probe power required for a given pump depletion is linearly dependent on detuning. Laser mode depletion causes mode switching that gives polarization and frequency conversion with high signal gain and high contrast.
A theory for the nonlinear properties of optical-frequency conversion using nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor lasers is presented for the first time. Because of pump depletion, the converted signal and the conversion efficiency depend on both the injected probe power and the frequency detuning. The relaxation resonance frequency and the damping rate are both related to the probe signal, especially for a high optical injection level. The theory is in good agreement with experiments.
Abstract In this work, we study optical manipulation and conversion in the high-power regime, and thus the unavoidable intrinsic coupling between the pump light and the signal light, i.e. pump depletion, needs to be included. Compared with the transmission properties that are insensitive to the power of the signal light in the low-power regime with pump non-depletion, our results in the high-power regime with pump depletion show that the resonant transmission coefficients of the χ ( 2 ) nonlinearity can be manipulated from 0 to non-zero by adjusting the intensities of the signal light, and thus it behaves as an intensity-dependent all-optical switch. Although the resonant conversion efficiencies from four-wave mixing of the χ ( 3 ) nonlinearity are generally suppressed by power-dependent frequency shifts as a result of self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) in the high-pump regime, the conversion efficiencies can be amplified by tuning the frequency detuning of the signal and pump lights. The optical transmission coefficients and conversion efficiencies can also be enhanced by utilizing the interplay between χ ( 2 ) and χ ( 3 ) nonlinearities in the high-pump regime. The mechanism of enhancing the conversion efficiencies to overcome the suppression from SPM and XPM provides a new way to convert frequency with high efficiencies.
Two-wave mixing amplification of a weak probe beam interfering with a powerful pump beam of the same linear polarization is demonstrated when the probe beam enters the semiconductor sample before the pump pulse. This mixing of two beams of the same frequency is made possible by the difference between self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation, which modify differently the instantaneous frequencies of both beams. Net gain coefficients up to 5.5 cm (-1) are obtained for experiments performed in CdTe. Theoretical calculations quantitatively confirm this interpretation and predict much higher gain for more resonant configurations or higher pump energies, making this process of potential interest for optical processing.
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