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Physica E Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures

Emission properties of a single-emitter laser in photonic crystals

Lucia Florescu, Sajeev John, Tran Quang

Published Feb 8, 2006• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physe.2005.12.143

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Physical Review A•Dec 26, 2006•21 citations
We investigate the quantum-optical interplay of two-dimensional (2D) planar photonic crystals with localized emitters. Due to the spatial variation of the photonic density of states in the photonic crystal unit cell the spontaneous emission properties dependent strongly on the location of the emitter. We infiltrate nanospheres doped with small dye molecules as localized probes into 2D hexagonal Nb2O5photonic crystals. Using spatially resolved spectroscopy and time correlated single photon counting direct measurements of the spontaneous emission properties of single, localized emitters are performed
Performing fluorescence wide-field microscopy we have imaged single semiconductor quantum dots deep inside a 3-dimensional photonic crystal prepared from colloidal polymer beads. Exploring the emission diffraction patterns in defocused images of quantum dots we demonstrate that the direction-dependent photonic stop band imprints an anisotropy to the angular emission of a single quantum dot. Hence a single, quasi-point-like emitter is manipulated to radiate its photons only to certain well-defined directions by means of the anisotropic light propagation in photonic crystals. The experiments thus provide new routes to evaluate local, frequency selective optical properties in 3-dimensional photonic crystals employing single emitters.
The emission spectrum of a single-emitter laser in a photonic crystal is presented. We consider a coherently pumped two-level emitter strongly coupled to a high-quality microcavity engineered within a photonic crystal. We show that the cavity spectrum consists of both elastic and inelastic components, for which we derive analytical expressions. Our study reveals enhanced, spectrally narrower emission resulting from the radiation reservoir of the photonic crystal. The cavity field spectral characteristics are fundamentally distinct from those of a corresponding microcavity in ordinary vacuum. At high pump intensities and for large discontinuities in the photon density of states between Mollow spectral components of atomic resonance fluorescence, the emitted intensity originating from the elastic spectral component increases with the intensity of the pump and the elastic component dominates the spectrum. In the case of a vanishing photon density of states in the spectral range surrounding the lower Mollow sideband and no dipolar dephasing, the cavity spectrum is elastic.