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Physica Scripta

Magneto-optic effects induced by laser fields in atomicJ= 1 →J= 2 →J= 1 systems

Peter Jungner

Published Dec 1, 1990• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Conventional three level probe spectroscopy is used to investigate magnetically induced level crossings. Pump laser induced signals in the probe laser response are investigated when the atomic systems are tuned magnetically. This has been carried out in both a co-propagating and a counter-propagating configuration. The level scheme considered is a simplified J = 1 → J = 2 → J = 1 system. The theoretical calculations are based on the semiclassical laser theory and the equations obtained are solved numerically. Experimental verification of the theoretical lineshapes is carried out in a neon gas absorber. The agreement between the calculated results and the measurements is good.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/42/6/009

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Conventional three level probe spectroscopy is used to investigate magnetically induced level crossings. Pump laser induced signals in the probe laser response are investigated when the atomic systems are tuned magnetically. This has been carried out in both a co-propagating and a counter-propagating configuration. The level scheme considered is a simplified J = 1 → J = 2 → J = 1 system. The theoretical calculations are based on the semiclassical laser theory and the equations obtained are solved numerically. Experimental verification of the theoretical lineshapes is carried out in a neon gas absorber. The agreement between the calculated results and the measurements is good.
The polarisation properties of the single mode linearly polarised laser beam interaction with a Doppler broadened absorber has been investigated. The absorber is placed in a longitudinal tunable magnetic field. The laser beam is analysed with a polariser after it has traversed the absorber. With various analyser rotation angles the lineshapes of the nonlinear resonances known as the population effect and the Zeeman coherence effect have been studied near zero magnetic field tuning. Theoretical predictions derived from the semi-classical laser theory are compared with experimental results. The experiment has been carried out with a low power thermally stabilised 633 nm He-He laser. The measured lineshapes of the resonances of the 2 p 4 -3 s 2 transition in neon agree well with the theoretical predictions. By using an analyser in the beam an improved signal-to-noise ratio is shown to result.
The forward-scattered light observed when a single-mode dye laser interacts with the three neon transitions 1 s 5 ( J = 2)-2 p s ( J = 2), 1s 3 ( J = 0)-2 p 5 ( J = 1), and 1 s 4 ( J = 1)-2 p 7 ( J = 1) has been investigated as an applied longitudinal magnetic field is varied. The 1 s 5 and the 1 s 3 states are metastable. This condition allows a comparison of the spectra for the cases 1 s 5 ( J = 2)-2 p 8 ( J = 2) and 1 s 3 ( J = 0)-2 p 5 ( J = 1) in order to discuss whether the complex line shapes obtained for the J = 2 to J = 2 atomic system are due to higher-order coherences or whether they originate from coherences between m = ±1 states. Experimental and calculated line shapes are presented. The calculations have been performed with the use of a semiclassical model for the light/matter interaction. A J = 0 to J = 1 (or a J = 1 to J = 1) model reproduces the overall shapes of the recorded spectra for all three transitions. The results show that, even when laser beam spatial effects and the sample isotopic effects are taken into account, interpretations of forward-scattering spectra in order to determine atomic parameters can reliably be done for simple J = 0 to J = 1 systems only.
We studied magneto-optical resonances caused by excited-state level crossings in a nonzero magnetic field. Experimental measurements were performed on the transitions of the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line of rubidium. These measured signals were described by a theoretical model that takes into account all neighboring hyperfine transitions, the mixing of magnetic sublevels in an external magnetic field, the coherence properties of the exciting laser radiation, and the Doppler effect. Good agreement between the experimental measurements and the theoretical model could be achieved over a wide range of laser power densities. We further showed that the contrasts of the level-crossing peaks can be sensitive to changes in the frequency of the exciting laser radiation as small as several tens of megahertz when the hyperfine splitting of the exciting state is larger than the Doppler broadening.
We experimentally study the absorption spectroscopy from a collection of gaseous 87Rb atoms at room temperature irradiated with three fields. Two of these fields are in a pump–probe saturation absorption configuration. The third field co-propagates with the pump field. The three fields address Zeeman degenerate transitions between hyperfine levels 5S1/2, F = 1 and 5P3/2, F = 0, F = 1 around the D2 line. We find a sub-natural absorption resonance in the counter-propagating probe field for equal detunings of all three fields. This absorption arises in conjunction with the appearance of increased transmission due to electro-magnetically induced transparency in the co-propagating fields. The novel feature of this absorption is its onset only for the blue of 5P3/2, F = 0, as the laser frequency is scanned through the excited states 5P3/2, F = 0, F = 1 and F = 2. The absorption rapidly rises to near maximum values within a narrow band of frequency near 5P3/2, F = 0. Our experimental results are compared with a dressed atom model. We find the threshold absorption to be a result of coherent interaction between the dressed states of our system.
The resonance of the intersection of sublevels in a probe laser field resonant to the cyclic transition corresponding to the D 2 87Rb line has been investigated in a zero magnetic field. The strong effect of an additional laser field acting on the adjacent transition has been revealed. In a cell without the buffer gas and antirelaxation coating, the amplitude of the probe-field absorption resonance can increase by more than an order of magnitude in the presence of a counterpropagating wave. The effect is observed at the laser frequency tuned to the cross resonance, when the counterpropagating waves simultaneously act on moving atoms at the cyclic and open transitions with the common lower level. The theoretical analysis of the effect of the additional field on the electromagnetically induced absorption resonance is in agreement with the experimental data.
The optical Hanle effect (light-shift-induced zero-field level crossing) has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. In the case of a $J=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ three-level system and of a $J=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1$ two-level system, the resonance line shape has been obtained using a nonlinear-response-function method. Approximate expressions, valid under the conditions for the observation of light shifts, are obtained and compared with exact calculations as well as with the corresponding expression for the magnetic Hanle effect. As concerns the weak laser beam which produces the coherent excitation of atomic substates, we have calculated the linear response in the limiting case of monochromatic and of broad-band excitation. The experimental investigation has been performed for the Ba resonance line using two cw dye lasers at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=5535$ \AA{} and an atomic beam. The absorption- and dispersion-shaped level crossing resonances have been observed, for narrow- and broad-band excitation, by varying the power of the strong nonresonant laser beam. We have checked that the line shapes are only dependent upon the reduced variable $\frac{{P}_{L}}{\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (PL{P}_{L}PL​; beam power; $\ensuremath{\delta}$: frequency detuning). Using the theoretical expressions, we have tried to fit the experimental curves. Provided that the Gaussian distribution of the beams is taken into account, we have obtained a good agreement between theory and experiment for the whole set of experimental data.