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Reports on Progress in Physics

Green functions in statistical mechanics

W. E. Parry, Roy E. Turner

Published Jan 1, 1964• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Thermodynamic perturbation theory is described in terms of temperature-dependent Green functions. The relationship of these functions with time-temperature-dependent Green functions and with correlation functions is discussed and some of their analytic properties are derived. The chain of coupled equations forming the equations of motion of the Green functions is derived and is written in terms of functional derivatives. Two examples of the use of Green functions, discussions of the sharpness of the Fermi surface and of neutron scattering from liquid helium, are given. The use of Green functions in the theory of relaxation phenomena is described.

DOI
10.1088/0034-4885/27/1/302

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Funções de Green em Mecânica Estatística

Márcio Freire

In this work we will establish the definitions of the Green’s functions in statistical mechanics and their basic properties. These functions depend on double-time and temperature. It can be observed by mean of theier definitions, where we can find the medium values of the operators product, this average is done over the grand canonical ensemble, for instance, (FAB(t − t0) ≡ hAˆ(t)Bˆ(t0)i ou FBA(t − t0) ≡ hBˆ(t0)Aˆ(t)i), with β = 1/kBT, and T is the absolute temperature. The operators involved in theses functions satisfy the Heisenberg equation of motion, which permit us describe the evolution equations for Green’s functions. By mean of spectral representation of the time correlation functions(FAB(t−t0) ≡ hAˆ(t)Bˆ(t0 )i or FBA(t−t0) ≡ hBˆ(t0)Aˆ(t)i), that is done by the introduction of a Fourier transform to change the system from time-space to frequency-space, we can obtain the spectral representations for the retarded Gr, advanced Gr e causal Gc green’s functions. Lastly, we will make the use of retarded green’s function to describe the electrical conductivity of a system of electrons under a external time-dependent electric field, in others words, we will write the electrical conductivity tensor in terms of Gr and, at last, we will calculate the electrical conductivity of a system of electrons and phonons.

•Jan 1, 2014•0 citations

Green's Function in Condensed Matter Physics

Huai‐Yu Wang

Part I: Green's Functions in Mathematical Physics - Time-Independent Green's Functions / Time-dependent Green's Functions / Part II: One-Body Green's Functions - Physical Significance of One-Body Green's Functions / Green's Functions and Perturbation Theory / Green's Functions for Tight-Binding Hamiltonians / Single Impurity Scattering / Extension Theory for Lattice Green's Functions / Part III: Many-Body Green's Functions - Field Operators and Three Pictures / Definition and Properties of Many-Body Green's Functions / The Diagram Technique for Zero-Temperature Green's Functions / Definition and Properties of Matsubara Green's Functions / Diagram Technique for the Matsubara Green's Functions / Three Approximation Schemes of the Diagram Technique / Linear Response Theory / The Equation of Motion Technique for the Green's Functions / Magnetic Systems Described by Heisenberg Model / The Green's Functions for Boson Systems with Condensation / Superconductors with Weak Interaction Between Electrons / Nonequilibrium Green's Functions / Electronic Transport through a Mesoscopic Structure / Appendixes / Index.

•Jan 30, 2012•34 citations
Thermodynamic perturbation theory is described in terms of temperature-dependent Green functions. The relationship of these functions with time-temperature-dependent Green functions and with correlation functions is discussed and some of their analytic properties are derived. The chain of coupled equations forming the equations of motion of the Green functions is derived and is written in terms of functional derivatives. Two examples of the use of Green functions, discussions of the sharpness of the Fermi surface and of neutron scattering from liquid helium, are given. The use of Green functions in the theory of relaxation phenomena is described.
(by translator) A perturbation theory is developed for normal many-particle systems by expanding the inverse of the advanced and retarded Green functions. Both systems with direct interactions and systems with interactions through a quantum field are considered. For the former, the infinite set of coupled equations is written down and the various methods of decoupling discussed. Systems with weak, hard sphere type, or coulomb interactions are considered and the connections with other methods discussed. For systems with quantum field interactions, the chain of equations involves both fermion and boson Green functions and the first approximation can be much better than in earlier cases. This latter approach seems to be more convenient when collective oscillations are important.
A Laplace transform relation between the distribution function $\mathrm{exp}{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}H}$ in quantum statistical mechanics and the Green's function of the wave equation has been noted by Koppe. This relationship may be extended to the stationary-state scattering equation. General properties of the transformation are discussed. Applications to the evaluation of the virial coefficients are considered. A further application of the perturbation methods of Brueckner and his collaborators is described.
The basic mathematical properties of Green's functions used in statistical mechanics as well as the equations defining these functions and the techniques of solving these equations are reviewed. An approach is presented called the Correlated Iteration Theory, which has been developed by the author. This approach differs from all other known variants of perturbation theory for Green's functions by the combination of two factors: the systematic formulation of an algorithm for obtaining subsequent approximations and the consistent consideration of interparticle correlations at each step of the procedure.
The present paper is concerned with the retarded many-time thermodynamic Green's function method in classical statistical mechanics. In the formulation of the nonlinear response of a dynamical variable, unaveraged Green's functions are specified and used to discuss the physical meaning of many-time Poisson-bracket nests. Equilibrium ensemble averages of these Green's functions are relevant to the classical Kubo response theory, the latter of which is interpreted from the viewpoints of both the classical ``Heisenberg'' and ``Schrödinger'' pictures. A method for evaluating the many-time thermodynamic Green's functions based on their definition in terms of the resolvent operator is suggested and discussed in relation to the linear dielectric function and the anharmonic oscillator. The many-time Green's function equations of motion are shown to be equivalent to identities based on the resolvent operator. It is shown how microscopic equations of motion can be used to derive the Bogoliubov-Sadovnikov (B-S) hierarchy from the lowest-order many-time Green's function equation of motion.
In this work we will establish the definitions of the Green’s functions in statistical mechanics and their basic properties. These functions depend on double-time and temperature. It can be observed by mean of theier definitions, where we can find the medium values of the operators product, this average is done over the grand canonical ensemble, for instance, (FAB(t − t0) ≡ hAˆ(t)Bˆ(t0)i ou FBA(t − t0) ≡ hBˆ(t0)Aˆ(t)i), with β = 1/kBT, and T is the absolute temperature. The operators involved in theses functions satisfy the Heisenberg equation of motion, which permit us describe the evolution equations for Green’s functions. By mean of spectral representation of the time correlation functions(FAB(t−t0) ≡ hAˆ(t)Bˆ(t0 )i or FBA(t−t0) ≡ hBˆ(t0)Aˆ(t)i), that is done by the introduction of a Fourier transform to change the system from time-space to frequency-space, we can obtain the spectral representations for the retarded Gr, advanced Gr e causal Gc green’s functions. Lastly, we will make the use of retarded green’s function to describe the electrical conductivity of a system of electrons under a external time-dependent electric field, in others words, we will write the electrical conductivity tensor in terms of Gr and, at last, we will calculate the electrical conductivity of a system of electrons and phonons.
Part I: Green's Functions in Mathematical Physics - Time-Independent Green's Functions / Time-dependent Green's Functions / Part II: One-Body Green's Functions - Physical Significance of One-Body Green's Functions / Green's Functions and Perturbation Theory / Green's Functions for Tight-Binding Hamiltonians / Single Impurity Scattering / Extension Theory for Lattice Green's Functions / Part III: Many-Body Green's Functions - Field Operators and Three Pictures / Definition and Properties of Many-Body Green's Functions / The Diagram Technique for Zero-Temperature Green's Functions / Definition and Properties of Matsubara Green's Functions / Diagram Technique for the Matsubara Green's Functions / Three Approximation Schemes of the Diagram Technique / Linear Response Theory / The Equation of Motion Technique for the Green's Functions / Magnetic Systems Described by Heisenberg Model / The Green's Functions for Boson Systems with Condensation / Superconductors with Weak Interaction Between Electrons / Nonequilibrium Green's Functions / Electronic Transport through a Mesoscopic Structure / Appendixes / Index.