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Journal of Modern Optics

Decay interference induced high precision localization in a multilevel atom via controlled spontaneous emission

Pradipta Panchadhyayee, Bibhas Kumar Dutta, P.K. Mahapatra

Published Nov 1, 2012• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A simple scheme for one-dimensional atom localization is proposed by employing a technique for the formation of the standing-wave regime using two unidirectional standing-wave fields. We consider a four-level atomic system similar to the one used by Paspalakis and Knight [Phys. Rev. Lett. 1998, 81, 293–296], with travelling-wave fields for the study of the phase control of emission in the presence of vacuum-induced interference between two spontaneous decay channels. In the present system precise position information of the atom can be achieved by measuring the frequency of spontaneous emission, which can be efficiently controlled by different system parameters and also by adjustment of the relative phase in the presence of the decay interference effect. The proposed scheme provides a potential technique to attain 100% detection probability of the atom in one wavelength range with generation of a sharp localization peak at low light level.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2012.737115

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A scheme is proposed for two-dimensional atom localization in the subwavelength domain via controlled spontaneous emission. We consider a five-level M-type atomic system interacting with two orthogonal standing-wave laser fields and the vacuum of the radiation field. The interaction of the atom with space-dependent standing-wave fields can provide information about the position of the atom passing through, thus leading to atom localization. It is found that the localization is significantly improved due to the interference effect between the spontaneous decay channels and the dynamically induced quantum interference generated by the two standing-wave fields. By properly varying the system parameters, we can achieve high-precision and high-resolution atom localization.
A scheme for one-dimensional localization of a three-level atom is proposed by employing a modified technique for the formation of a standing-wave regime using two standing-wave fields. In the present system, precise position information of the atom can be achieved by measuring the population of the excited state, which can be efficiently controlled by the symmetric and the asymmetric superpositions of two standing-wave fields in the presence of constructive quantum interference. Our results highlight that, depending upon the effect of asymmetric superposition, the proposed scheme may provide a promising way to obtain various types of single-peak and double-peak localizations of the atom either in a one-wavelength range or in a half-wavelength range with appropriate values of the Rabi frequencies, detunings and spatial phase shifts of the coupling fields.
We propose a scheme for two-dimensional sub-half-wavelength atom localization using two lasers with equal frequencies, and obtain the analytical expression of conditional position probability (CPP) using a spontaneous-emission spectrum for a four-level atom which passes through two-dimensional orthogonal standing-wave fields. The quantum interference effect between two decay channels leads to extreme spectral narrowing and quenching of spontaneous emission in some regions of the standing-wave field, which results in the appearance of a high-spatial-resolution localization peak. The two-dimensional sub-half-wavelength atom localization is obtained with high precision and high spatial resolution by adjusting the relative phase and detuning.
A scheme for two-dimensional (2D) subwavelength atom localization is proposed, in which the atom is in a four-level tripod configuration and driven by two orthogonal standing-wave lasers. Because of the spatial dependence of atom-field interaction, the spontaneously emitted photon carries information about the position of the atom in standing-wave fields. We exploit this fact to 2D atom localization conditioned on the measurement of spontaneously emitted photon at a particular frequency, and obtain a high precision and resolution in the position probability distribution. Moreover, an improvement by a factor of 2 in the detecting probability of an atom can be achieved by initially preparing the atom in the coherent population trapping state. Qualitatively, the high-precision, high-resolution atom localization can be attributed to the quantum interference effect between competitive multiple spontaneous decay channels.
Abstract We investigate the three-dimensional atom localization via spontaneous emission in a four-level atomic system. It is found that the detecting probability and precision of atom localization can be significantly improved due to the interference effects induced by the vacuum radiation field and the two laser fields. More importantly, the almost 100% probability of finding an atom within a certain range can be reached when corresponding conditions are satisfied. As a result, our scheme may be helpful in a spatially selective single-qubit phase gate, entangling gates, and quantum error correction for quantum information processing.
We investigate two-dimensional atom localization via spontaneous emission in a four-level atomic system. It is found that the detection probability and precision of two-dimensional atom localization can be significantly improved due to the interference effect between the spontaneous decay channels and the dynamically induced quantum interference generated by the probe and composite fields. More importantly, a 100% probability of finding an atom within the sub-half-wavelength domain of the standing waves can be reached when the corresponding conditions are satisfied. As a result, our scheme may be helpful in laser cooling or atom nano-lithography via atom localization.