Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Experimental determination of highly excited F levels in potassium by three-photon absorption spectroscopy

P. Bensoussan

Published Jun 1, 1975• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Three-photon absorption spectroscopy allows determination of the $\mathrm{nf}^{2}F_{\frac{5}{2},\frac{7}{2}}^{0}$ energy levels of alkali metals ($\ensuremath{\Delta}L=+3$). The $3d^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2},\frac{5}{2}}$ levels of KI were selectively excited using a narrow-band dye laser. The $3d^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2},\frac{5}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{nf}^{2}F_{\frac{5}{2},\frac{7}{2}}^{0}$ absorption lines were observed in the background spectrum of another dye laser, and the $\mathrm{nf}^{2}F_{\frac{5}{2},\frac{7}{2}}^{0}$ energy levels were deduced, from $n=10$ to $n=14$ inclusive, with an accuracy better than 0.1 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Previously, an experiment was performed for the $7f^{2}F_{\frac{5}{2},\frac{7}{2}}^{0}$ levels in order to verify the method. Shifts and systematic errors were entirely negligible. For all lines, the relative intensities of the absorbed doublet peaks are in good agreement with the estimates of the $4s^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3d^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2},\frac{5}{2}}$ probabilities.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.11.1787

Related papers

Two-photon absorption spectroscopy of potassium Rydberg states*

C. D. Harper, S E Wheatley, M. D. Levenson

Highly excited S and D states of potassium were studied by two-photon absorption using a tuneable dye laser and fluorescence detection. Measurements were made of the term values, relative fluorescence signal levels, and fluorescence decay profiles. Using matrix elements determined from quantum defect wave functions, theoretical two-photon absorption cross sections were calculated.

Journal of the Optical Society of America•May 1, 1977•17 citations

Direct determination of the two-photon absorption cross section by the intracavity laser spectroscopy method

Valery M. Baev, T. P. Belikova, V. F. Gamalii +2 more

The intracavity laser spectroscopy method was used to determine the two-photon absorption of potassium vapor. The two-photon transitions from the ground state 4 2 S 1/2 to the states 6 2 S 1/2 and 4 2 D 3/2,5/2 were detected from absorption in the output spectrum of a wide-band dye laser emitting in the range 760–770 nm; the absorption occurred at a frequency corresponding to the difference between the energies of the upper state and the energy of a ruby laser photon. The ratio ofthe absorption cross section to the square ofthe field was σ 2 / E 2 = 1.5 × 10 −33 ,1.3 × 10 −35 ,and 2.8 × 10 −36 m 4 /V 2 , in satisfactory agreement with calculations carried out on the basis of perturbation theory.

Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•Dec 31, 1984•3 citations

Observation of selective excitation in laser-pumped rubidium

Daniel Joseph Bradley, G. M. Gale, P D Smith

The 5P 3/2 level of rubidium has been selectively populated by a narrow-band dye laser tuned to resonance with the 5S 1/2 to 5P 3/2 transition. The upper-state absorption line at lambda 7758 AA (5P 3/2 -5D 5/2 ) has been simultaneously recorded with a second broad-band dye laser continuum.

Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•Jan 1, 1970•21 citations

Multiphoton ionization of rubidium

C. B. Collins, Stephen M. Curry, B. W. Johnson +5 more

The multiphoton excitation of rubidium has been investigated over the 4600-6500-\AA{} wavelength region with a tunable dye-laser source having a linewidth better than 0.1 \AA{} and a space-charge ionization detector sensitive to a few ions per second. Multiphoton transitions have been observed to occur both through intermediate atomic states and through intermediate continuum states of the rubidium molecule. In the former case two-photon transitions have been observed from the $5^{2}S$ ground state of atomic rubidium to higher-lying $n^{2}D$ levels for values of $n$ ranging from 9 to 34 and to $n^{2}S$ levels for values of $n$ from 11 through 20. The fine-structure intervals of the $n^{2}D$ levels for $n=9 \mathrm{to}c 13$ were measured together with the line-strength ratios and were found to be in good agreement with the predictions of a simple theoretical model. At the shorter wavelengths hybrid two-photon resonances were observed to be excited through resonant intermediate continuum states of ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{2}$. As a result the dispersion curve for two-photon absorption in rubidium showed what appears to be resonant intermediate $p\ensuremath{\pi}(^{3}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{u1})$ and ${0}_{g}^{+}$ terms dissociating to give a $5{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ atom and resulting in the strong development of features corresponding to the $5^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2},\frac{5}{2}}$ part of the diffuse series, for $n\ensuremath{\le}50$ in absorption and the $5^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ part of the sharp series. Components to $32^{2}D$ and $30^{2}S$ were recorded to a precision of 0.3 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and quantum defects for these previously unobserved terms were derived. The corresponding hybrid two-photon resonances involving intermediate states dissociating to give a $5^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ atom were not observed in the wavelength interval available in this experiment.

Physical Review A•Nov 1, 1976•49 citations

Two-photon absorption to highly excited D states of Rb atoms*

Y. Kato, Boris Peter Stoicheff

Highly excited D states (n = 11 to 32) of Rb atoms were studied by Doppler-free two-photon absorption spectroscopy using a cw dye laser. These D doublets are not inverted, and their spacings do not vary as neff-3, nor as n−3; the 85Rb, 87Rb isotope shift in the ground state is found to be 160 ± 12 MHz.

Journal of the Optical Society of America•May 1, 1976•48 citations

Two-photon absorption spectroscopy of highly-excited states of Rb atoms

Y. Kato

Doppler-free two-photon absorption spectroscopy was applied to study highly-excited D states of Rb atoms. Using a cw dye laser as an excitation source, transitions from the ground 5S state to nd 2D states (n=11-32) were observed, the ionization energy of the highest state being only 117cm-1. These D doublets are not inverted. The fine structure splittings of these states do not vary as (neff) -3, nor as n-3. The isotope shift of the 85Rb, 87Rb ground states is found to be 160±12MHz. No pressure broadening was observed for these transitions within the instrumental resolution of 15 MHz.

The Review of Laser Engineering•Jan 1, 1976•0 citations
Three-photon absorption spectroscopy allows determination of the nf2F52,720\mathrm{nf}^{2}F_{\frac{5}{2},\frac{7}{2}}^{0}nf2F25​,27​0​ energy levels of alkali metals (\ensuremathΔL=+3\ensuremath{\Delta}L=+3\ensuremathΔL=+3). The 3d2D32,523d^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2},\frac{5}{2}}3d2D23​,25​​ levels of KI were selectively excited using a narrow-band dye laser. The 3d2D32,52\ensuremath→nf2F52,7203d^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2},\frac{5}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{nf}^{2}F_{\frac{5}{2},\frac{7}{2}}^{0}3d2D23​,25​​\ensuremath→nf2F25​,27​0​ absorption lines were observed in the background spectrum of another dye laser, and the nf2F52,720\mathrm{nf}^{2}F_{\frac{5}{2},\frac{7}{2}}^{0}nf2F25​,27​0​ energy levels were deduced, from n=10n=10n=10 to n=14n=14n=14 inclusive, with an accuracy better than 0.1 cm\ensuremath−1{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}cm\ensuremath−1. Previously, an experiment was performed for the 7f2F52,7207f^{2}F_{\frac{5}{2},\frac{7}{2}}^{0}7f2F25​,27​0​ levels in order to verify the method. Shifts and systematic errors were entirely negligible. For all lines, the relative intensities of the absorbed doublet peaks are in good agreement with the estimates of the 4s2S12\ensuremath→3d2D32,524s^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3d^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2},\frac{5}{2}}4s2S21​​\ensuremath→3d2D23​,25​​ probabilities.
The intracavity laser spectroscopy method was used to determine the two-photon absorption of potassium vapor. The two-photon transitions from the ground state 4 2 S 1/2 to the states 6 2 S 1/2 and 4 2 D 3/2,5/2 were detected from absorption in the output spectrum of a wide-band dye laser emitting in the range 760–770 nm; the absorption occurred at a frequency corresponding to the difference between the energies of the upper state and the energy of a ruby laser photon. The ratio ofthe absorption cross section to the square ofthe field was σ 2 / E 2 = 1.5 × 10 −33 ,1.3 × 10 −35 ,and 2.8 × 10 −36 m 4 /V 2 , in satisfactory agreement with calculations carried out on the basis of perturbation theory.
The multiphoton excitation of rubidium has been investigated over the 4600-6500-\AA{} wavelength region with a tunable dye-laser source having a linewidth better than 0.1 \AA{} and a space-charge ionization detector sensitive to a few ions per second. Multiphoton transitions have been observed to occur both through intermediate atomic states and through intermediate continuum states of the rubidium molecule. In the former case two-photon transitions have been observed from the 52S5^{2}S52S ground state of atomic rubidium to higher-lying n2Dn^{2}Dn2D levels for values of nnn ranging from 9 to 34 and to n2Sn^{2}Sn2S levels for values of nnn from 11 through 20. The fine-structure intervals of the n2Dn^{2}Dn2D levels for n=9toc13n=9 \mathrm{to}c 13n=9toc13 were measured together with the line-strength ratios and were found to be in good agreement with the predictions of a simple theoretical model. At the shorter wavelengths hybrid two-photon resonances were observed to be excited through resonant intermediate continuum states of Rb2{\mathrm{Rb}}_{2}Rb2​. As a result the dispersion curve for two-photon absorption in rubidium showed what appears to be resonant intermediate $p\ensuremath{\pi}(^{3}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{u1})$ and 0g+{0}_{g}^{+}0g+​ terms dissociating to give a 5P325{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}5P23​​ atom and resulting in the strong development of features corresponding to the $5^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2},\frac{5}{2}}$ part of the diffuse series, for $n\ensuremath{\le}50$ in absorption and the $5^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ part of the sharp series. Components to 322D32^{2}D322D and 302S30^{2}S302S were recorded to a precision of 0.3 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and quantum defects for these previously unobserved terms were derived. The corresponding hybrid two-photon resonances involving intermediate states dissociating to give a 52P125^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}52P21​​ atom were not observed in the wavelength interval available in this experiment.
Doppler-free two-photon absorption spectroscopy was applied to study highly-excited D states of Rb atoms. Using a cw dye laser as an excitation source, transitions from the ground 5S state to nd 2D states (n=11-32) were observed, the ionization energy of the highest state being only 117cm-1. These D doublets are not inverted. The fine structure splittings of these states do not vary as (neff) -3, nor as n-3. The isotope shift of the 85Rb, 87Rb ground states is found to be 160±12MHz. No pressure broadening was observed for these transitions within the instrumental resolution of 15 MHz.