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Frontiers in Optics

Demonstration of a Telecom-Band, 30-ps Window, Dual-In, Dual-Out, Entangled-Photon Switch

Neal N. Oza, Monika Patel, Matthew Hall, Joseph B. Altepeter, Prem Kumar

Published Jan 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We present a dual-in, dual-out, optical-fiber-based entangled photon switch, capable of 30-ps operation. It improves upon a slower, three-port design and exhibits low-loss, low signal-band noise, and maintains the transmitted photons’ quantum state.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2011.fthl7

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As the field of quantum communications matures and adopts larger network topologies, it will require switches capable of multiplexing and demultiplexing entangled photons between network nodes. Such switches will need to operate at high speeds, with low loss, and minimal signal-band noise, while also retaining the quantum state of the routed photons. We present an all-optical, fiber-based, dual-in, dual-out switch that has a switching window of 45 ps and an insertion loss of <;3.0 dB. In addition, the switch introduces minimal degradation to the quantum state of the routed entangled photons. As a test of the switch's utility, we demultiplex a single quantum channel from a 6.5-GHz dual-channel quantum data stream. The recovered quantum state exhibits a fidelity of 96.2%±1.2% with the prepared state.
Future quantum optical networks will require the ability to route entangled photons at high speeds, with minimal loss and added in-band noise, and---most importantly---without disturbing the photons' quantum state. Here we present an all-optical switch which fulfills these requirements and characterize its performance at the single photon level. It exhibits a 200-ps switching window, 120:1 contrast, 1.5-dB loss, and induces no measurable degradation in the switched photons' entangled-state fidelity (< 0.002). As a proof-of-principle demonstration of its capability, we use the switch to demultiplex a single quantum channel from a dual-channel, time-division-multiplexed entangled photon stream. Furthermore, because this type of switch couples the temporal and spatial degrees of freedom, it provides an important new tool with which to encode multiple-qubit quantum states on a single photon.
To deploy and operate a quantum network which utilizes existing telecommunications infrastructure, it is necessary to be able to route entangled photons at high speeds, with minimal loss and signal-band noise, and--most importantly--without disturbing the photons' quantum state. Here we present a switch which fulfills these requirements and characterize its performance at the single photon level. Furthermore, because this type of switch couples the temporal and spatial degrees of freedom, it provides an important new tool with which to encode multiple-qubit states in a single photon. As a proof-of-principle demonstration of this capability, we demultiplex a single quantum channel from a dual-channel, time-division-multiplexed entangled photon stream, effectively performing a controlled-bit-flip on a two-qubit subspace of a five-qubit, two-photon state.