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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Efficiency of ring systems for phase self-conjugation of radiation by four-wave interaction in media with thermal nonlinearity

Igor' M Bel'dyugin, Mark V. Zolotarev, A. A. Stepanov, Vladimir A. Shcheglov

Published Apr 30, 1989• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical analysis is made of the efficiency of typical ring systems of phase-conjugating mirrors utilizing a degenerate four-wave interaction in media with a thermal nonlinearity. The analysis is made for steady-state conditions taking into account wave saturation effects in an amplifier situated in a positive feedback circuit. It is shown that the reflection coefficient in these systems is extremely sensitive to the level of the phase-conjugate signal (as the ratio of the signal intensity to the saturation intensity of the amplifier active medium is increased, the reflection coefficient of the ring phase-conjugating mirror decreases sharply). It is also found that at a high level of the nonlinearity and for an appreciable gain per pass, these systems exhibit multistability (i.e., several different steady states exist).

DOI
10.1070/qe1989v019n04abeh007905

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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•Dec 31, 1989•0 citations
A theoretical analysis is made of the efficiency of typical ring systems of phase-conjugating mirrors utilizing a degenerate four-wave interaction in media with a thermal nonlinearity. The analysis is made for steady-state conditions taking into account wave saturation effects in an amplifier situated in a positive feedback circuit. It is shown that the reflection coefficient in these systems is extremely sensitive to the level of the phase-conjugate signal (as the ratio of the signal intensity to the saturation intensity of the amplifier active medium is increased, the reflection coefficient of the ring phase-conjugating mirror decreases sharply). It is also found that at a high level of the nonlinearity and for an appreciable gain per pass, these systems exhibit multistability (i.e., several different steady states exist).
Theoretical and experimental investigations were made of a four-wave interaction of middle-infrared radiation based on a thermal nonlinearity of absorbing liquids and gases. A study was made of the influence of parasitic effects associated with heating of a nonlinear medium (such as the thermal lens effect, frequency sweeping of interacting waves, thermal expansion of the medium, and convection) on the efficiency of the four-wave interaction and the quality of phase conjugation utilizing this interaction. The conditions under which this influence is minimal were identified. An experimental study was made of phase conjugation of CO 2 laser radiation by a four-wave interaction in CCl 4 with a high reflection coefficient (up to 20% in the cw regime). The attained phase conjugation was limited the thermal lens effect, but this could be compensated.
Background. The need to create highly efficient four-wave radiation converters in order to use them in adaptive optics systems, for real-time processing of complex spatio-temporal fields, in interferometry, quantum cryptography, etc. requires along with the use of traditional methods to increase the efficiency of such converters by increasing the interaction length, radiation power density, effective value of the nonlinear susceptibility of the development of new methods. One of these methods is a method based on the imposition of feedback on one or more interacting waves. Aim. The influence of feedback on the amplitude reflection coefficient of the degenerate four-wave radiation converter on thermal and resonant nonlinearities has been considered. Methods. The amplitude reflection coefficient of a degenerate four-wave radiation converter on thermal and resonant nonlinearities in the presence of feedback for both object and signal waves has been analyzed by a numerical method based on the multiple passage of the signal and object waves of the nonlinear layer in the ring resonator. Results. It was shown, that the difference in the reflection coefficients in the presence and absence of feedback for both object and signal waves increase monotonically with a growth in the pumping waves intensity and does not depend on the parameter characterizing the relationship between thermal and resonant nonlinearities at the approximation of a small reflection coefficient. Conclusion. The range of values of the absorption coefficient in which the imposition of feedback for both object and signal waves leads to an increase in the efficiency of the four-wave radiation converter has been established.
Background. Increasing the efficiency of both degenerate four-wave converters and quasi-degenerate four-wave converters is an important task in multi-wave interactions optics. A method for increasing the efficiency of a quasi-degenerate four-wave converter by imposing feedback on the signal or object waves using a ring resonator is considered. Aim. The amplitude and spatial characteristics of a quasi-degenerate four-wave converter on thermal nonlinearity in a scheme with feedback are analyzed. Methods. To analyze the amplitude reflection coefficient and the half-width of the angles band of the object wave of a quasi-degenerate four-wave radiation converter on thermal nonlinearity in the presence of feedback on the signal or object waves, a numerical method was used based on multiple passage of the signal and object waves of the nonlinear layer in a ring resonator. Results. An increase in the amplitude reflection coefficient and the half-width of the band of angles of the object wave is shown in the presence of feedback on the object or signal waves. Conclusion. The optimal operating mode of the quasi-degenerate four-wave converter is determined taking into account the presence of feedback, in which an increase in the amplitude reflection coefficient is observed.
The phase conjugate (PC) mirror system consisting of a rod amplifier and a nonlinear medium is presented and the theoretical analysis of the enhanced PC wave in the system is derived by taking into account of the overlap of the probe and counterpropagating PC wave in the amplifier. In order to examine experimentally the enhanced PC reflectivity in degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) an amplifier is placed in the probe beam path. Experimental result of maximal R/R 90. 25 is obtained where R and R are PC reflectivities in the absence and presence of the amplifier respectively. The experimental results agree within 5 with the theoretical values. 1. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS Schematic digram of the PC mirror system consisting of an amplifier and a nonlinear medium is shown in Fig. 1. The phase distortion 4 is due to several effects such as inhomogemous pumping stress gain saturation thermal leasing and self-focusing/defocusing in the amplifier. 1 The amplifier is palced near the nonlinear medium so that the changes in phase (4) and gain (g) are negligible during the round trip time. Considering phase conjugation at the nonlinear medium the output signal SA8 over the input probe bA. is expressed as 8A ge+/ (ge14''A) J where R is PC reflectivity of nonlinear medium. There is no phase distortion term in output signal. Thus we obtain the following expression for the signal 6M photons/ 2
A system of equations is derived to describe a transient opposed degenerate four-wave interaction (FWI) in fields of arbitrary intensity in gaseous media exhibiting resonant and thermal nonlinearity mechanisms. A system of closed equations describing an opposed degenerate FWI in fields of arbitrary intensity is obtained for the steady-state case. It is found that, unlike linearly absorbing media, the optimal reflection coefficients of a signal wave in nonlinearly absorbing media are only achieved at reference wave intensities comparable with the saturation intensity of the resonant medium. Numerical calculations illustrate a fall in the reflection coefficient as the amplitude of the signal wave is increased.
A system for phase conjugation of Stokes radiation by a four-wave interaction involving intracavity stimulated Raman scattering (STRS) in a Raman-active medium with a nonresonant nonlinearity. This method can be used in construction of high-power sources of highly directional Stokes radiation on the basis of round-trip STRS amplifiers coupled to a phase-conjugating element. It is shown that an STRS converter utilizing organic liquids and subjected to laser pumping of less than 100 MW/cm2 intensity inside a resonator can ensure a highly efficient phase conjugation with a peak reflection coefficient in excess of unity. Depending on the ratio of the Raman and nonresonant susceptibilities of a medium, there is an optimal value of the coefficient representing the degree of conversion of laser pump radiation into STRS radiation, which ensures the maximum phase conjugation efficiency.