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Physical Review A

Bit-flip-error rejection in optical quantum communication

Dik Bouwmeester

Published Mar 16, 2001• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An optical scheme for the error-free transfer of quantum information through a noisy quantum channel is proposed. The scheme is inspired by quantum error-correction schemes, but it avoids the currently unfeasible requirement for a controlled-NOT operation between single photons. The quantum communication scheme presented here rejects bit-flip errors instead of correcting them and combines quantum-measurement properties of three-particle entangled states with properties of the quantum teleportation protocol.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.63.040301

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An optical scheme for the error-free transfer of quantum information through a noisy quantum channel is proposed. The scheme is inspired by quantum error-correction schemes, but it avoids the currently unfeasible requirement for a controlled-NOT operation between single photons. The quantum communication scheme presented here rejects bit-flip errors instead of correcting them and combines quantum-measurement properties of three-particle entangled states with properties of the quantum teleportation protocol.
An optical scheme for the reliable transfer of quantum information through a noisy quantum channel is proposed. The scheme is inspired by quantum error-correction protocols, but it avoids the currently infeasible requirement for a controlled-NOT operation between single photons. The quantum communication scheme presented here rejects single bit-flip errors instead of correcting them and combines quantum-measurement properties of three-particle entangled (GHZ) states with properties of quantum teleportation.
Quantum entanglement distribution is an essential part of quantum communication and computation protocols. Here, linear optic elements are employed for the distribution of quantum entanglement over a long distance. Polarization beam splitters and wave plates are used to realize an error-free protocol for broadcasting quantum entanglement in optical quantum communication. This protocol can determine the maximum distance of quantum communication without decoherence. Error detection and error correction are performed in the proposed scheme. In other words, if there is a bit flip along the quantum channel, the end stations (Alice and Bob) can detect this state change and obtain the correct state (entangled photon) at another port. Existing general error detection protocols are based on the quantum controlled-NOT (CNOT) or similar quantum logic operations, which are very difficult to implement experimentally. Here we present a feasible scheme for the implementation of entanglement distribution based on a linear optics element that does not need a quantum CNOT gate.
Quantum entanglement distribution is an essential part of quantum communication and computation protocols. Here, linear optic elements are employed for distribution of quantum entanglement over long distance. Polarization beam splitters and wave plates are used for realization of an error-free protocol for broadcasting quantum entanglement in optical quantum communication. This protocol can determine maximum distance of quantum communication to transmit quantum information without decoherence. Error detection and error correction are performed in the proposed scheme. In other words, if bit-flip occurs along the quantum channel, the end stations (Alice and Bob) can detect this state changing and obtain the correct state (entangled photon) on the another port. Existing general error detection protocols are based on the quantum controlled-NOT (CNOT) or similar quantum logic operations, which are very difficult to implement experimentally. Here we present a feasible scheme for the implementation of entanglement distribution based on linear optics element that does not need quantum CNOT gate.
Quantum communication utilizes the quantum state as information carrier. The transmission of quantum states is therefore a precondition for various quantum communication protocols. Photons play a central role in quantum communication since they are fast, cheap, easy to control and interact weakly with the environment. However, the widely used polarization degree of freedom of photons is vulnerable to the noise during the transmission. In this article, we review two main methods to deal with the channel noise, i.e., the quantum error rejection scheme and fault tolerant quantum communication. To transmit an arbitrary single-photon state, Li and Deng proposed two faithful state transmission schemes only by resorting to passive linear optics. The success probability can be (2N+1-1)/2N+1 by introducing a wave splitter composed of N unbalance interferometers. Compared with other quantum error rejection schemes, these two scheme are practical both in maneuverability and resource consumption. They are not only suitable for single-photon pure state transmission but also able to be used for transmitting mixed state, which makes them useful for one-way quantum communication. The success probability of error rejection is usually less than 100% since some error cases are rejected. To realize complete fault tolerant quantum communication, decoherence free subspace can be used to encode quantum information. In 2008, Li et al. proposed two efficient quantum key distribution schemes over two different collective-noise channels. The noiseless subspaces are made up of two Bell states and the spatial degree of freedom is introduced to form two nonorthogonal bases. Although entangled states are employed, only single-photon measurements are required to read the information. Later, the scheme is generalized to an efficient one which transmits n-1 bits information via n Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs and many fault tolerant quantum communication schemes were proposed. We compare the practicality of different anti-noise schemes based on maneuverability and resource consumption and a perspective of these two research directions is given in the last section.